By: Lauren Harrison CHILDREN’S LITERATURE “There is more treasure in books than in all the pirate’s loot on Treasure Island.” -Walt Disney

*Children's literature or juvenile literature includes stories, books, magazines, and poems that are enjoyed by children. Modern children's literature is classified in two different ways: genre or the intended age of the reader. WHAT IS CHILDREN’S LITERATURE?

 Line - Mark on the paper where colors meet; direction of lines; where the lines meet and focus your attention.  Color - Color of lack of it expresses character, mood, and emotion.  Shape - Area or form with definite outline.  Texture - Sense of reality; suggests movement/sensory experience; smoothness, roughness, tactile experience.  Design - Balance; spatial order; all over lay-out of page.  Media and Technique - Materials used; method used with materials. ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS

 Acrylic – Type of paint  Cut Paper – Intricate/detailed  Collage – Cut and torn paper (many illustrators make the paper)  Computer Generated – Augmented  Gouache (gwash) – Painting display a light reflecting brilliance  Graphite/Pencil – Conte  Mixed Media – Different Media and Techniques combined  Oil – RapunzelSnow Toward EveningMountain Dance  Pastels – One Lucky Girl  Scratchboard – Iron HorsesDuke Ellington Faithful Friends  Watercolor – Blue Butterfly A Chair for My Mother  Woodcut/Linoleum – Once A MouseRyolite Snowflake Bentley  Chalk – Village of Round and Square Houses  Stitchery – quilt/tapestry MEDIA AND TECHNIQUES

 Representational Art – Literal realistic depictions of characters, objects, and events  Surrealistic Art – Dreams/nightmares  Impressionistic Art – Emphases light and color  Folk Art – Artistic expression of a particular cultural group  Naïve Art – appears unsophisticated, self-taught  Outline Art – Emphasizes line and often features are simplified shapes STYLES OF ART

 Poetry*:  Narrative  Lyric or Expressive  Free Verse  Form Poetry  Examples of Poetry:  Generalized Anthology: A large collection of poems reflecting the work of many poets, both contemporary and those long established.  Individualized Anthology: Contains the works of one poet.  Specialized Anthology: Small, specialized collections. Most are organized for a specific age level or around certain subjects, themes, ethnic origin, (music, families, animals, humor, multiethnic).  Picture Book Poems: Illustrated versions of already established single poems. These are not stories in rhyme. GENRES

 Traditional Literature* ( originally orally, has no known author; also known as folklore) :  Folktales  Cumulative Tales  Pourquoi  Beast Tales  Noodlehead or Numbskull Tales (characters who are not too bright)  Trickster Tales  Fairy Tales (enchantment, magic)  Tall Tales  Fables  Myths and Religious Stories  Epics (hero tales) and Ballads  Folk Songs and Work Songs  Mother Goose and Nursery Rhymes  Skipping Rhymes and Chants  Riddles GENRES (CONTINUED)

 Modern Fantasy* (impossible) (created by an identifiable author) :  Low Fantasy (worlds can be realistic):  Personified Animals  Imaginary Worlds  Fanciful Characters  Toys and objects given life  Tiny humans  Peculiar characters  Magical Powers  Supernatural Tales  Time-Warp Fantasies  Literary Lore (folktales – new creations based on style of the oral folktale)  Science Fiction* (impropable)  High Fantasy  Myth Fantasy (imaginary worlds)  Epic/Heroic  Sword and Sorcery GENRES (CONTINUED)

 Contemporary Realistic Fiction*:  Adventure/Survival  Mystery/Detective  Animal Stories (the story focuses on an animals, but animal does not talk or have a personality)  Sports Stories (the events in the story evolve around a particular sport)  Aging and Death (can deal with loss of pet, peer, relative, etc.)  Physical/Developmental/Learning Disabilities  Relationships (members of a family, friends)  Social/Emotional Issues (growing up, or societal issues)  Historical Fiction*:  Fictionalized Memoirs: The author draws on own memories to write  Fictionalized Family History: Stories passed down through family  Fiction Based on Research: Writers have no first-hand knowledge, but do research for authenticity GENRES (CONTINUED)

 Biography/Autobiography*:  Individual: The partial or complete life story of one person.  Partial: Explores one segment of an individual’s life.  Complete: Covers the entire life of an individual. Typically chronologically presented.  Collective: Describes the lives of several people who share something in common.  Fictionalized: The author has created scenes, dialogue, or thoughts for which there is no documented basis. Story is based on fact (usually picture book biographies).  Authentic: Documentation supports words or thoughts of individual.  Contemporary: Biography of an individual still living.  Interpretive/Episodic: One aspect of person’s life for which is noted. GENRES (CONTINUED)

 Informational*:  Activity Books: (activity, craft, and how-to books)  Concept Books: Are mainly for young children and help them identify, classify, and discriminate between things, such as ABC, counting, colors, shapes, size, etc. The text is simple, and is usually illustrated (drawings, photos). They can also be very simple books of information. They enrich or reinforce an experience.  Journal/Interviews: The author has little input into the content, other than guiding questions for the interview.  Photo essays: Photos by the author that capture emotion of verify information make up the content.  Reference: How things work, nature, fine arts, history, language, hobbies, etc. Used for isolated bits of information.  Series: Groups of work about related topics and having a specified format.  Survey Books: Presents an overview of a broad subject similar to an encyclopedia.  Focused, one-subject: Introduce or explain one subject, i.e. Bizarre and Beautiful Noses. GENRES (CONTINUED)

    REFERENCES