Unit 5: The Constitutional Convention

I. Systems of Government A.Unitary 1.Almost all power to the central gov’t 2.People do not have a role 3.Ex: Early England B.Confederal 1.Power given to independent states 2.Little or no power to central govt’ 3.Ex: Articles of Confederation C.Federal 1.Power Shared between central gov’t & states 2.Citizens elect three branches of gov’t 3.Ex: Modern U.S.A

II. Constitutional Convention A.Philadelphia Delegates met in Philadelphia in 1787 in Independence Hall 2.The Articles of Confederation (AoC) needed to be changed (Result of Shay’s Rebellion) 3.Decided on a federal system of government Delegate: a person sent to represent a population of people.

4.55 delegates from 12 of 13 states  Rhode Island did not attend – they liked confederal gov’t 5.George Washington elected President of the convention E. Rules of the Convention 1.Each state = 1 vote 2.Absolute secrecy (GW rule) = can speak freely 3.No formal records (Madison took notes) 4.Secret rule = must abolish the AoC!

Conflict and Compromise  Answer the following questions: 1.What weakness did the AoC have concerning:  Money  Trade 2.Who was Daniel Shay? 3.What was the purpose of the delegates meeting in Philadelphia? 4.Who was elected to preside (to be in charge of) over the Convention?

Unit 5: Virginia Plan vs. NJ Plan

I. Representative Gov’t A.Virginia Plan (for gov’t = pro Constitution) 1.Written by James Madison 2.Three branches of gov’t 3.Bicameral Legislature (law making body) A.Two Houses B.Each based on population 4.Opposed by less populated states

The Virginia Plan  Which States would most support the Virginia Plan?  Which states would least support the Virginia Plan?

B. The New Jersey Plan 1.Proposed by William Paterson 2.Similar to AoC 3.One House Congress, unicameral a)Equal representation b)States have equal voting power 4.Three branches of gov’t 5.Opposed by heavily populated states

The New Jersey Plan  Which States would most support the New Jersey Plan?  Which states would least support the New Jersey Plan?

C. The Great Compromise 1.AKA = The Connecticut Plan 2.Roger Sherman combined both plans 3.Settled dispute over representation 4.Bicameral Legislature = Congress 1.Senate = NJ Plan 1.Equal votes; 2 per state 2.House of Representatives = Virginia Plan 1.Based on population

Unit 5: COMPROMISE at the Convention

I. The Great Compromise A. The Great Compromise = solves the problem of representation

II. Selection of President A.Direct Election by popular vote = NO 1.Most citizens won’t know the candidates 2.Large states have advantage

B. Indirect Election 1.Electoral College meets to vote for President 2.# of Electors = # of Representatives + # of Senators Ex: FL, 27 Representatives + 2 Senators = 29 Electors 3.Today, 538 Electors ( ) or more to win, otherwise THOR votes THORSENATEDC

III. Representation of Slaves A.THOR based on population, does this include slaves? 1.Which states would want slaves counted as part of the population? 2.Which states wouldn’t? 3.Where are most of the states that don’t want slaves to count?

C.Northern States; Only count free people D.Southern States: Slaves should count! E.Three-fifths Compromise = every 5 slaves would count for 3 people in population count

Unit 5: Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist

I. Federalist A.Pro strong national gov’t Supported the Constitution Why?

II. Anti-Federalist B.Pro power to the states DID NOT want a powerful central government Favored the Articles of Confederation Who do you think the Anti-Federalist wanted to give more power to? (the people or the government)

III. Compromise A.Anti-Federalist refused to ratify (to approve) the Constitution Why? TOO much power to the gov’t not enough INDIVIDUAL LIBERTIES to the people

B.James Madison Proposed a list of individual rights guaranteed to all U.S. citizens The Bill of Rights First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution Gave all U.S. citizens individual liberties (freedom) C.The U.S. Constitution adopted and signed in September 1787, ratified on June 21, 1788

The Bill of Rights 1.5 Freedoms Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Religion, Freedom of Press, Freedom of Petition, Freedom of Assembly 2.The Right to Bear Arms 3.No soldier quartering 4.Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures (search warrants) 5.Self- Incrimination, Double Jeopardy, Due Process of Law, Eminent Domain 6.Right to a public trial by jury (Miranda Rights) 7.Trial by jury in cases involving money and property 8.Forbids cruel and unusual punishment and establishes bail 9.Citizen Power, Basic rights = citizens’ rights 10.State Power = Rights not listed in the Constitution are reserved for the State governments

K2S5 QUIZ: TOMORROW, 12/1  What will be on the quiz:  All information related to Learning Goals 1 and 2  Practice Questions 1-4  Vocabulary  Philadelphia Convention  Delegate  Unitary  Confederal  Federal  George Washington  James Madison  Virginia Plan  New Jersey Plan