ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS EFFICIENCY OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION TO MAIN CROPS Aneta GÂLCĂ Gabriela NEAŢĂ EXPERT, LECTURER, GENERAL DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES AGRONOMIC FOR AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENT AND VET MEDICINE STATISTICS BUCHAREST LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS Objectives of the statistical survey implementation of statistical survey- farm level the fertilised area and the quantity of nitrogenous (N), phosphatic (P) and potassic(K) used at farm level quantity fertilisers (N,P,K) used for the main crops average fertilisers (N,P,K) used for the main crops and cultivated area LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS STATISTICAL SURVEY ON THE USE OF FERTILISERS IN AGRICULTURE Project activity Analysis and evaluation of the present statistical system for information collection on data sources Analysis and evaluation of the present statistical system for information collection on data sources Selection of the adequate method for the achievement of a data collection system on fertilizers utilization, at holding level and by main crops Indicators settlement; Establish the main crops for which will be collected data on fertilizers utilization; Prepare statistical instruments: nomenclatures Questionnaire and methodological guide elaboration LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS STATISTICAL SURVEY ON THE USE OF FERTILISERS IN AGRICULTURE Project activity Sample plan preparation IT application design Statistical instruments publication and their transmission in the territory Training of the surveyors Data collection in the field, data processing Data analysis and comparing to other statistical data sources on chemical and organic fertilizers Finalize the methodology for the achievement of a statistical data collection system LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS STATISTICAL SURVEY ON THE USE OF FERTILISERS IN AGRICULTURE Observation units agricultural holdings with judicial personality using agricultural area; agricultural holdings with judicial personality using agricultural area; individual agricultural holdings using agricultural area. individual agricultural holdings using agricultural area. LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS Data registration method face-to-face interview. Reference period 2007 – 2008 crop year. Survey sample The survey sample was made based on a sampling frame stratified by county, legal status of the holding and utilised agricultural area size class. LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS The sampling frame The holdings using agricultural areas larger than 10 ha registered in the statistical farm register. Characteristics of interest: cultivated agricultural areas by main crop. Sample size: 748 agricultural holdings. Sample allocation: Neyman optimal allocation LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS Size class, UAA: I ha II ha III ha IV ha V- > 700ha LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS Survey tools To collect information on the fertilised areas and to carry out a suitable field work the following documents are needed: - UFA questionnaire; - Field operator’s methodological guide; - Nomenclature of the Romania- certified and licenced fertilisers; - Nomenclature of the Romania- certified and licenced fertilisers; - Sample of the agricultural holdings LUXEMBOURG JUne2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS Survey staff The statistical survey was prepared, organised and conducted by the General Department for Agriculture and Environment and the county statistical offices in co-operation with the county offices of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. LUXEMBOURG June 2009

QUESTIONNAIRE Chapter I – GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE AGRICULTURAL HOLDING 1. Agricultural holding location 2. Legal status of the holding 3.Completeness code 4. Agricultural holding identification data 5. General information on the cropping system LUXEMBOURG June 2009 LUXEMBOURG June 2009

QUESTIONNAIRE 5. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE CROPPING SYSTEM Utilised agricultural area (UAA) Types soil(light, medium, heavy) Irrigated agricultural area Errosion- proof agricultural area Drained agriculture area Pesticide –treted agriculture area Number of livestok (bovine, sheep, pigs) Number of poultry Production of manure LUXEMBOURG June 2009 LUXEMBOURG June 2009

QUESTIONNAIRE Chapter II FERTILISATION OF CROPS with chemical fertilisers Phase fertilisation (F0, F1, F2) Cultivated area (ha) Fertilisation area (ha) Cod fertilisers – Nomenclature Dose chemical fertiliser (Kg/ha) Concentration (N, P,K, s.a %) Quantity fertiliser brut (tonnes) LUXEMBOURG June 2009 LUXEMBOURG June 2009

QUESTIONNAIRE Chapter II FERTILISATION OF CROPS with organic fertilisers organic fertiliser (solid, liquid, combined) Cultivated area Fertilisation area Dose organic fertiliser (to/ha) Concentration (N, P,K, %) Quantity fertiliser brut (tonnes) Average production crop(kg/ha) LUXEMBOURG June 2009 LUXEMBOURG June 2009

QUESTIONNAIRE Chapter II FERTILISATION OF CROPS WITH chemical and organic fertilisers main crops: main crops: crops under arable land: wheat, maize, sunflower, soya beans, sugar beet, potatoes, vegetables, fodder plants, other permanent pastures permanent meadows vineyardorchard LUXEMBOURG June 2009 LUXEMBOURG June 2009

QUESTIONNAIRE Chapter II FERTILISATION OF CROPS WITH chemical and organic fertilisers main crops: Basic fertilisation - F0 – represents the basic fertilisation for sowing or planting for the annual crops or the basic autumn fertilisation for the permanent crops Phasial fertilisation - F1 – represents the first fertilisation during all crop vegetation, the phasial fertilisations are usually made with nitrogen and/ or micro- elements. Phasial fertilisation - F2 – represents the second fertilisation during the vegetation

METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY NOMENCLATURE OF THE ROMANIA- CERTIFIED AND LICENCED FERTILISERS LUXEMBOURG June 2009 Code Name fertiliser (S A- N) Licenced producer Nitrogenous fertilisers Ammonium nitrate (34.5%N) Nitrolime (27.5%N) Urea (46%N) Excepted S.C.Norofertily- Craiova S.C. Fertyly - Timis Phosphorus fertilisers Simple superphosphate (16-22%P) Concentrated superphosphate ( Excepted S.C.Norofertily- Craiova S.C. Fertyly - Timis Potassic fertilisers Potassium sulphate Kali und Salz(50%K;18%S) Potassium nitrate Haifa Chemicals (12.86%N,46.05K2O Excepted Kali und Salz GmbH Kassel- Germany S.C. Petro Stadesa-srl Bucharest

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS STATISTICAL SURVEY ON THE USE OF FERTILISERS IN AGRICULTURE Data processing at central level: - validation (corrections, automatic corrections) - validation (corrections, automatic corrections) - data extension - data extension - final tables - final tables - comparison of the survey-derived data with the data administrative sources - comparison of the survey-derived data with the data administrative sources - final report elaboration - final report elaboration LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS RESULTS OBTAINED The surveyed holdings were distributed across the country and they covered all the cropping areas for the main crops under arable land, as well as the zones representative for the permanent vine and fruit tree crops. The response rate to the interview established according to the completeness code was of 98 %. The survey sample after data collection included 748 holdings, of which 95 individual holdings and 653 legal units. The largest share of 90.68% of the surveyed area was held by the legal units, the remaining 9.32% were individual holdings The individual holdings represented 43.74% of the total number of surveyed holdings, the legal units accounted for 56.26% Of the interviewed holdings only 713 used fertilizers The holdings in the >700ha layer, the utilised agricultural area, held the largest weight in the total number of surveyed units (64.6 %) and the largest weight in the cultivated agricultural area (92.8%) LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS The average fertilizer ((NPK)) dose by surveyed fertilised agricultural area varies from 56 kg/ha for permanent pastures and meadows to 218 kg/ha for potatoes; The average fertilizer ((NPK)) dose by surveyed agricultural area is of 104 kg/ha; The average nitrogen quantity used for the main crops is of 73 kg/ha; The average phosphorus (P2O5) quantity used for the main crops is of 26 kg/ha; The average potassium (K2O) quantity used for the main crops is of 5 kg/ha; The average potassium (K2O) quantity used for the main crops is of 5 kg/ha; The environment-pollution risks are small due to the little quantities used for fertilisation but it may occur accidentally or on approximately 30% of the area cultivated on light soils with a percolative hydric regime, if doses higher than 50 kg/ha active substance are used for one fertilisation; LUXEMBOURG JUNE 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS RESULTS OBTAINED RESULTS OBTAINED LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS RESULTS OBTAINED LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS RESULTS OBTAINED LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS RESULTS OBTAINED LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS RESULTS OBTAINED LUXEMBOURG June 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS Conclusions Holdings were going through a restructuring process Significant changes were registered regarding - UAA size class - rotation crop size class LUXEMBOURG JUNE 2009

Significant differences found due to the collection and estimation methodology Administrative data at local level individual holdings collected by experts legal units collected through self- assessment Survey data -Collected face to face -For all types of agricultural holdings LUXEMBOURG JUNE 2009

Development future Alternatives for collecting fertiliser data I.Every 3 years -On an FSS sub-sample (8% from the FSS sample) - About 2500 holdings II. Annually, together with the PVPC – Crops statistics survey -On a sample of about holdings. - The sample is the basis of the RGA data and one can relate it to the structure, tipology, cultures for each holding. III. A special survey cannot be a solution because of the high costs and respondent load. LUXEMBOURG JUNE 2009

Future development (2) Data collection on fertiliser use in parallel with survey Advantage of using PVPC – Area and Harvest on Main Crops: Relatively low costs due to -Use of same surveyors -Use of same sample Disadvantages of using a PVPC link Increased PVPC expenses Increased processing time Increased interview duration Increased processing cost

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS Development future Costs: survay link FSS = 37500euro link FSS - questionnaire 2500*15 euro/questionnaire =37500 euro Survey PVPC – = 3400euro increase with 2euro/ questionnaire PVPC* 1200 surveyors = euro –print) LUXEMBOURG JUNE 2009

ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ROMANIA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION! LUXEMBOURG JUNE 2009