Blood Composition

LEARNING GOALS: I CAN…  … list and describe all of the cellular and noncellular components of human blood  …explain the role of blood in the human body  …describe how blood is formed  …describe the ratios of formed and unformed elements of human blood.

Main Components of Blood I.Main Components of Blood plasma formed elements A.There are 2 main parts to blood: plasma and formed elements the liquid part of blood Plasma – the liquid part of blood types of cells and cell fragments in the blood Formed Elements – types of cells and cell fragments in the blood 55% 45% B.Blood is made up of 55% plasma and 45% formed elements

Blood Plasma II.Blood Plasma mostly : food, oxygen, salts, and proteins A.Blood plasma is made mostly of water and has many substances dissolved in it such as: food, oxygen, salts, and proteins throughout the body are in the blood until they are removed by the excretory system. 1.Most of the waste products from cells throughout the body are in the blood until they are removed by the excretory system.

Blood Plasma B.The plasma proteins in the blood serve various purposes.: help to thicken the blood. Administered intravenously when a person’s blood volume is dangerously low due to illness or injury (usually when a blood transfusion cannot be performed) Albumins help to thicken the blood. Administered intravenously when a person’s blood volume is dangerously low due to illness or injury (usually when a blood transfusion cannot be performed) are the plasma proteins the make up antibodies which are part of the immune system Globulins are the plasma proteins the make up antibodies which are part of the immune system stringlike in structure when it converts to fibrin it clogs up holes in the cardiovascular system Fibrinogen stringlike in structure when it converts to fibrin it clogs up holes in the cardiovascular system

Blood Plasma they are given serum which is made by allowing clotting factors to clots and then pouring off the liquid plasma 1.When patients need specific antibodies they are given serum which is made by allowing clotting factors to clots and then pouring off the liquid plasma blood plasma minus its clotting factors but still contains antibodies Serum – blood plasma minus its clotting factors but still contains antibodies Bigger/Larger people have more blood volume than smaller (males have more blood than females on average) C.Blood volume usually depends on the size of the person: Bigger/Larger people have more blood volume than smaller (males have more blood than females on average)

Blood Plasma 4-6 L 1.Most adults have a blood volume of 4-6 L. 7%-9% 2.The mass of blood constitutes about 7%-9% of a person’s total body weight D.Typically the pH of blood is about you are considered very sick. This is usually a sign that you aren’t getting enough oxygen. 1.If your pH drops and becomes more acidic you are considered very sick. This is usually a sign that you aren’t getting enough oxygen. condition in which there is an excessive proportion of acid in the blood. Acidosis – condition in which there is an excessive proportion of acid in the blood.

Formed Elements III.Formed Elements 3 erythrocytes (red blood cells) leukocytes (white blood cells) thrombocytes (platelets) A.There are 3 main formed elements of the blood: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). carry oxygen from the lungs to all other body parts. (*In fact very little oxygen is dissolved in plasma) 1.The main function of red blood cells is to carry oxygen from the lungs to all other body parts. (*In fact very little oxygen is dissolved in plasma) defend the body against foreign invaders. 2.The main function of white blood cells is to defend the body against foreign invaders.

Formed Elements a.The different types of white blood cells accomplish different tasks in the immune system. wbc that stains readily with neutral dyes. Found at sites of inflammation. Looks violet under the microscope Neutrophil – wbc that stains readily with neutral dyes. Found at sites of inflammation. Looks violet under the microscope. wbc that is readily stained by eosin. Seen most attacking parasitic worms. Looks red under the microscope. Eosinophil – wbc that is readily stained by eosin. Seen most attacking parasitic worms. Looks red under the microscope. wbc that is readily stained with basic dyes. Looks blue under the microscope. Releases histamines (inflammation mediator) Basophil – wbc that is readily stained with basic dyes. Looks blue under the microscope. Releases histamines (inflammation mediator)

Formed Elements activated B cells develop into plasma cells which secrete antibodies into the blood. B-Lymphocyte – activated B cells develop into plasma cells which secrete antibodies into the blood. cells that are critical to the function of the immune system; produce cell-mediated immunity that make the B-lymphocytes start making antibodies T-Lymphocyte – cells that are critical to the function of the immune system; produce cell-mediated immunity that make the B-lymphocytes start making antibodies a phagocyte (cell that consumes debris through phagocytosis) Monocyte – a phagocyte (cell that consumes debris through phagocytosis) help blood clot or stop blood from leaving the cardiovascular system. 3.The main function of platelets is to help blood clot or stop blood from leaving the cardiovascular system.

Formation of the Formed Elements IV.Formation of the Formed Elements myeloid tissuelymphatic tissue A.There are two types of connective tissue involved in making blood cells: myeloid tissue & lymphatic tissue. tissue pertaining to bone marrow Myeloid tissue – tissue pertaining to bone marrow tissue that is responsible for manufacturing lymphocytes and monocytes; found mostly in the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen. Lymphatic tissue – tissue that is responsible for manufacturing lymphocytes and monocytes; found mostly in the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen. red bone marrowhemopoiesis 1.Myeloid tissue is better known as red bone marrow and is responsible for hemopoiesis. process of forming new blood cells Hemopoiesis – process of forming new blood cells

lymphocytesmonocytes 2.Lymphatic tissue usually produces lymphocytes and monocytes B.The life cycles of blood cells differ by type: up to 4 months before being broken down Erythrocytes: up to 4 months before being broken down a few days Granular leukocytes: a few days over 6 monts Nongranular leukocytes: over 6 monts. Formation of the Formed Elements

Blood Plasma