The Blood

Functions The transportation of dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste. The regulation of the pH and Ion composition of interstitial fluids. (Diffusion of these fluids releases them from tissues and allows for transport for removal or storage) The restriction of fluid losses at injury sites. (blood clotting) Defense against toxins and pathogens. (Antibodies) The stabilization of body temperature. (Redistributes heat from skeletal muscles to neighboring tissues)

Components of Blood 46-63% Plasma- Water is 92%, Plasma proteins 7%, other solutes 1% Plasma proteins (Albumins that regulate osmotic pressures and transport of hormones or lipids, Globulins contributor for immune system, Fibrinogen component for clotting system) Solutes (Electrolytes- ions for cellular activity and osmotic pressures, organic nutrients- used for ATP production as well as growth and maintenance) Organic Waste (carried to sites for breakdown or excretion)

Components of Blood 37-54% Formed Elements- 99.9% Red Blood cells,.1% White blood cells and Platelets. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)- carry oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)- 5 classes of cells that defend the body from infections and foreign material Platelets- small membrane bound cell fragments that contain enzymes for blood clotting.

Blood typing

Blood Typing terms Surface Antigens- recognized substances of the blood that are left alone. Blood type- classification of a person’s blood based upon the composition of the specific surface antigen on the RBC membrane. Agglutinogens- surface antigens that are ignored by the immune system “left alone”

Blood Typing terms Cont. Agglutinate- when the antigens of the red blood cell membrane are not recognizable the antibodies of the blood clump these cells together for removal. Agglutination- The process of clumping non-recognizable blood types.

Rh Factors to Blood