The Male Reproductive System

Define the function of the male reproductive system Produce sperm Secretions of the semen

Where are sperm produced? In the testicles

Why are the testicles outside the male body? Temperature regulation so sperm don’t die Sperm require 3-4 degrees lower body temp (94-96)

What happens to sperm production if the testicles get too close to the body? Give one example of how this happens. Decreases Wearing tight pants

What is the function of the scrotum? Sac to hold the two testicles & maintains proper body temp

What is semen? Thick fluid that carries sperm

How do sperm swim? Long, whipping tails through semen

Describe the function of the prostate gland. Name a risk to male body involving prostate gland. Secretes fluid that is part of semen cancer

Describe the passage of sperm from the testicles to the penis. Testicle Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal vesicle Prostate/Cowper’s Urethra Penis

What is circumcision? Removal of foreskin

Erection??? Penis is not a muscle (no voluntary movement) Penis is not a bone (can’t break) Penis is sponge-like, muscular-like tissue Erection occurs from centralized blood flow to the genitalia upon arousal

The Female Reproductive System

Define the function of the female reproductive system Produce ova Nourishes fertilized eggs

True or False The female reproductive system produces cells called ova. True

True or False The timing of ova being released from the ovary is controlled by sex hormones. True (estrogen & progesterone)

True or False New ova are produced each month. False birth)

True or False The ovum contains all the genetic material necessary to produce life. False

True or False A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. True

True or False The hymen is a covering over the cervix. False

True or False The uterus sheds its lining by the process of menstruation. True

True or False All fertilized eggs will implant in the fallopian tubes. False

True or False The vagina is a bony structure of the female reproductive system offering little elasticity. False

True or False An ovum is released from one ovary one month, the other ovary the next month. False (every 28 days on average)

Describe the passage of an ovum once it leaves the ovary to be fertilized Ovary Fallopian tube Fertilization takes place Implantation in uterine wall

Pregnancy & Early Development

4 Early Signs of Pregnancy Missed menstrual period Positive urine or blood test (HCG hormone) Tenderness & enlargement of breasts & darkening of the nipples Nausea & fatigue

How Life Begins Life begins with the union of an egg & a sperm = conception Joining of sperm & egg = fertilization Sexual intercourse= the reproductive process in which the penis is inserted into the vagina & through which a new human life may begin intercourse must occur within a certain time limit (ovum lives hours / sperm can live up to 3 days in tract) Fertility awareness method - track body temp, period, & cervical mucus

Stages of Fetal Development Zygote= conception-week 2 embryo= week 3-8 fetus= week 9 - birth newborn= birth

Fertilization During intercourse, the penis can deliver millions of sperm into the female Sperm – ova- fallopian tubes – fertilization Only one sperm fertilizes the egg (a chemical change prevents other sperm from entering the egg) Combination of egg & sperm = zygote

The Fertilized Egg Divides Zygote – fallopian tube – uterus (3-5 days) As the zygote moves down fallopian tube, cellular division occurs Identical twins vs Fraternal twins

Embryo Implants in the Uterus Embryo becomes imbedded into uterine wall = implantation (60%) Once implantation occurs, female is considered to be pregnant Uterus (womb) will be embryo’s home until the baby is born

Placenta Supports Baby Placenta= blood vessel-rich organ that forms in the mother’s uterus. provides nutrients & oxygen Removes wastes

How a Baby Develops One cell develops into a baby made of trillions of cells over a week process First Trimester –First three months –By 4 th week of development Heart starts beating Arm & leg buds appear Eyes & brain begin to develop About size of BB pellet

How a Baby Develops –Amnion protect embryo (thin, fluid-filled membrane) –Umbilical cord develops (connects the embryo to placenta) –9 th week until delivery = fetus –Fetus: Brain wave detected Bones & muscles developing Heart, brain, lungs, eyes, arms & legs have formed during 1 st Trimester

How a Baby Develops Second Trimester (4-6 months) –Organ systems continue to develop –By month 4, fetus can be felt moving (kicking) –Determine sex –By end of trimester, fetus can hear & recognize voices –Hair forms –Head & facial features become apparent –Finger, toes, & nails grow –Although not complete, baby can survive if born at end of this trimester

How a Baby Develops Third Trimester (7-9 months) –Fetus gains most of its weight –By 8 months usually 20 inches long –Can grasp with hands –Organs almost fully developed Nervous system continues to develop after birth