The Great War : The Great War : “A Burnt Path Across History” “A Burnt Path Across History”
The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: England France Russia Germany Austria-Hungary Italy
Europe in 1914 Sarajevo *
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, the Archduchess Sophie, and children
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip the 19 year old Serbian student who assassinated the Archduke June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo Gavrilo Princip the 19 year old Serbian student who assassinated the Archduke June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo
Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers: Turkey 40 million people die
The Major Players: Nicholas II [Russia] George V [Britain] Pres. Poincare [France] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [Austria-Hungary] Wilhelm II [Germany] Victor Emmanuel II [Italy] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]
The Schlieffen Plan
Europe in 1914
German Atrocities in Belgium
A Multi-Front War
The Western Front Stalemate - neither side can move the other
Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”
British “Tommies”
Trench Warfare
German troops by a dugout
French soldiers
Life in the trenches
French soldiers using a trench periscope
Periscope Rifle
Inside a dugout
TRENCHES FROM THE AIR
No Man’s Land
A forest in No Man’s Land
Flanders Fields
German troops in the trenches
British soldiers
American troops
“Duck Boards”
British Medics
War Is HELL !!
Decapitated
Sacrifices in War
New weapons of war The Products of the Industrial Revolution Machine Gun Flamethrower Poison Gas Tank Airplane Rifled Artillery Submarine
British Machine Gun
German Machine Gun team
Belgians with flamethrowers
French using flamethrowers
Exploding gas shells
Gas Masks
Dog in gas mask
The Cavalry
Gassed
Mustard Gas victim with chemical burns
British Tank When they first saw it, the Germans called it Schutzengrabenvernichstungautomobile “der Schutzengrabenvernichstungautomobile ” Translation: Grave digging shooting killing self propelled machine
American Tanks, September 1918
1914 French plane
Top American Ace Eddie Rickenbacker
“The Red Baron” Baron Manfred von Richtofen, top Ace of World War I. Shot down 81 Allied planes before being shot down and killed.
Captain Roy Brown Royal Canadian Air Force The man who shot down the “Red Baron”
Moving an artillery piece
Big Bertha – German Railroad Gun
The German’s “Paris Gun” could fire a shell 30 miles
Another German artillery piece
German Artillery shells
Recovered unexploded artillery shells left from World War I
No Man’s Land from the air
French Village BeforeAfter
Ypres, Belgium
U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by German U-Boats
British liner Lusitania – torpedoed by German submarine May 7, 1915
The Sinking of the Lusitania
The Sussex Pledge Germany will follow the rules of “Stop and Search” May 1916
The Zimmerman Telegram ! Sent from Germany to Mexico January 1917
The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!
Russian Revolution - Nov Russia withdraws from the war Germany moves over 1 million men from Russia to France All out German offensive in the west in spring/summer 1918 World’s first Communist government established The Russians are Leaving!
America saves the day!
Sergeant Alvin York, most decorated American soldier of World War I Captured 132 German soldiers in one day
11 a.m., November 11, 1918 Armistice The Armistice is Signed!
9,000,000 Dead Soldiers 9,000,000 Dead Soldiers
World War I Casualties
Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 died worldwide 50,000,000 died worldwide
The Big Four at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919
Wilson in Paris He’s got the plan to “end all war” and “Make the world safe for democracy!”
David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of England Woodrow Wilson, 28 th President of the United States
Georges Clemenceau of France “ I am sick of hearing about President Wilson and his 14 points. God Almighty Himself only had 10 commandments!” Vittorio Orlando of Italy (no, they didn’t name the town in Florida after him)
Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points Self Determination of Nations - No more empires. People of each nationality get their own nation End to Colonialism – nations give up their colonies – international agency rules them and gets them ready for independence Disarmament – nations only keep military force large enough for self-defense No secret treaties – “open covenants openly arrived at” “Peace without Victory” – Fair treatment for Germany at Paris Peace Conference – a discussion among equals Freedom of the Seas League of Nations - International organization of all major nations of world where they would settle disputes and problems by negotiation, not war
The Treaty of Versailles Self Determination of Nations - No more empires. No more Austria-Hungary, no more Ottoman Empire, Germany loses lands to form new nations. People of each nationality get their own nation End to Colonialism – nations (Germany) give up colonies – England & France rules them and gets them ready for independence (hah!) Disarmament – nations (Germany ) only keep (allowed) military force large enough for self-defense No secret treaties – “open covenants openly arrived at” (Shame on Germany for the Zimmerman Telegram!) “Peace without Victory” – Fair treatment for Germany at Paris Peace Conference – a discussion among equals -No Chance! Freedom of the Seas ( Shame on Germany for unrestricted submarine warfare!) League of Nations - International organization of all major nations of world where they would settle disputes and problems by negotiation, not war And now for what England, France & Italy want full responsibility Germany must accept full responsibility for the war (It was all their fault!?) $33 billion ($33,000,000,000) Germany must pay “War Reparations” $33 billion ($33,000,000,000)
The Versailles Treaty
US Senate Rejects Treaty of Versailles US never joins League of Nations US retreats into isolationism in 1920s & 1930s “No more European Wars”
The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory German soldiers are dissatisfied.