©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Chapter 22: The Progressive Era Preview: “The first truly broad-based, national reform movement, Progressivism addressed problems arising out of industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. Led by members of the urban middle-class—many of them women—progressives were moderate modernizers who looked to bring order and efficiency as well as social justice to economic and political life.” The Highlights: The Roots of Progressive Reform The Roots of Progressive Reform The Search for a Good Society The Search for a Good Society Controlling the Masses Controlling the Masses The Politics of Municipal and State Reform The Politics of Municipal and State Reform Progressivism Goes to Washington Progressivism Goes to Washington Woodrow Wilson and the Politics of Morality Woodrow Wilson and the Politics of Morality

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Roots of Progressive Reform The Progressive System of Beliefs The Progressive System of Beliefs –Progressives: moderate modernizers not revolutionaries –Pragmatism The Pragmatic Approach The Pragmatic Approach –Behaviorism –Social jurisprudence –Brandeis Brief (1908) highlighted the damaging effects of long working hours on women 22-2

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Progressive Method The Progressive Method –Muckrakers –Voluntary organization –Professionals “Seeing the nation riven by conflict, progressives tried to restore a sense of community through the ideal of a single public interest”(716). 22-3

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Poverty in a New Light Poverty in a New Light –Naturalism –Social work proceeded from this new view of poverty Expanding the “Woman’s Sphere” Expanding the “Woman’s Sphere” –Women’s organizations –New woman: longer lived, better educated, less often married –Margaret Sanger The Search for the Good Society 22-4

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Social Welfare Social Welfare –Child labor legislation –Keating-Owen Act (1916) forbade goods manufactured by children to cross state lines Woman Suffrage Woman Suffrage –Militant suffragists –Nineteenth Amendment 22-5

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 22-6

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Controlling the Masses Stemming the Immigrant Tide Stemming the Immigrant Tide –Eugenics –Americanization –Literacy test The Curse of Demon Rum The Curse of Demon Rum –Political bosses owned saloons or conducted business there –Anti-Saloon League 22-7

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 22-8

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Prostitution Prostitution –Unlikely group of reformers united: feminists –Mann Act (1910) attempted to curb prostitution “No urban vice worried reformers more than prostitution. In their eyes it was a social evil that threatened young city women with a fate much worse than death”(725). 22-9

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill The Politics of Municipal and State Reform The Reformation of the Cities The Reformation of the Cities –Mayors became instrumental in city reform –City-manager plan Progressivism in the States Progressivism in the States –Weaknesses of city government –The Wisconsin idea 22-10

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Progressivism Goes to Washington TR TR –Solid Republican who was committed to mild change –Brownsville incident A Square Deal A Square Deal –Philosophy of the Square Deal –Anthracite coal strike –U.S. v. E.C. Knight –Railroad regulation 22-11

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill 22-12

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Bad Food and Pristine Wilds Bad Food and Pristine Wilds –Conservation through planned management –John Muir and preservation The Troubled Taft The Troubled Taft –Preferred conciliation to confrontation –In 1909 rift between Taft and progressives reached the breaking point –Taft’s accomplishments “Yet no matter what Taft did, he managed to alienate conservatives and progressives alike. That spelled trouble for the Republicans as the presidential election of 1912 approached”(735)

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Roosevelt Returns Roosevelt Returns –New Nationalism –TR sets his sights again on the White House The Election of 1912 The Election of 1912 –Progressive, or “Bull Moose,” party split the Republican vote, thereby leading to Woodrow Wilson’s victory –Wilson’s New Freedom program 22-14

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Woodrow Wilson and the Politics of Morality Early Career Early Career –Sense of destiny –Became political science professor The Reforms of the New Freedom The Reforms of the New Freedom –Underwood-Simmons Tariff (1913) –Federal Reserve Act (1913) –Federal Trade Commission (1914) –Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) 22-15

©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. ©2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. McGraw-Hill Labor and Social Reform Labor and Social Reform –Voters turned lukewarm toward the New Freedom –Wilson began edging toward the social reforms of the New Nationalism –Intervened to avert a nationwide rail strike The Limits of Progressive Reform The Limits of Progressive Reform –Denied equality to African Americans, Asians and other minorities –Cumbersome regulation crippled industries –Progressivism left the system of market capitalism intact 22-16