Cascading Failure

Cascading failure 1 A 'cascading failure' is a failure in a system of interconnected parts in which the failure of a part can trigger the failure of successive parts. Such a failure may happen in many types of systems, including power transmission, computer networking, finance and bridges.

Cascading failure 1 Cascading failures usually begin when one part of the system fails. When this happens, nearby nodes must then take up the slack for the failed component. This overloads these nodes, causing them to fail as well, prompting additional nodes to fail in a vicious circle.

Cascading failure - Cascading failure in power transmission 1 Cascading failure is a common effect seen in high voltage systems, where a single point of failure (SPF) on a fully loaded or slightly overloaded system results in a sudden spike across all nodes of the system

Cascading failure - Cascading failure in power transmission 1 Monitoring the operation of a system, in real- time computing|real-time, and judicious disconnection of parts can help stop a cascade. Another common technique is to calculate a safety margin for the system by computer simulation of possible failures, to establish safe operating levels below which none of the calculated scenarios is predicted to cause cascading failure, and to identify the parts of the network which are most likely to cause cascading failures.

Cascading failure - Examples 1 Cascading failure caused the following power outages:

Cascading failure - Cascading failure in computer networks 1 Cascading failures can also occur in computer networks (such as the Internet) in which Network traffic control|network traffic is severely impaired or halted to or between larger sections of the network, caused by failing or disconnected hardware or software. In this context, the cascading failure is known by the term 'cascade failure'. A cascade failure can affect large groups of people and systems.

Cascading failure - Finance 1 In finance, the risk of cascading failures of financial institutions is referred to as systemic risk: the failure of one financial institution may cause other financial institutions (its Counterparty|counterparties) to fail, cascading throughout the system. Institutions that are believed to pose systemic risk are deemed either too big to fail (TBTF) or too interconnected to fail (TICTF), depending on why they appear to pose a threat.

Cascading failure - Infrastructures 1 Cascading failures in spatially embedded systems have been

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