A PRESENTATION ON SUMMER TRAINING AT DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, BIKANER PRESENTED BY:- SAURABH KUAMR ECE FINAL YEAR

DOORDARSHAN ,AN INTRODUCTION A leading TV Broadcast Service Provider for Common man in INDIA. Launched in 1959 ,owned by PRASAR BHARTI. First Indian Satellite INSAT launched in 1982. DDK Bikaner LPT 500W DD News Est. 09.05.2002 HPT 10kW DD National Est. 31.10.2007

BASICS OF TV BROADCASTING USING SATELLITE A TV broadcasting system includes following: STUDIO EARTH STATION TRANSMITTER O.B VAN/DSNG DDK Bikaner have 10kW HPT,& 500W LPT So we will focus on transmitter.

TRANSMITTER SECTION Geostationary Satellite uplink Transmission Studio Processing

RECEIVING SECTION DOWNLINK SIGNALS FROM SATELLITE RECEIVED AT OTHER EARTH STATION DOWNLINK SIGNAL RETRANSMITTED TO OUR HOME TV RECEIVERS THIS SIGNAL IS AMPLIFIED &PROCESSED AT RECEIVER BASE STATION &SEND FOR RETRANSMISSION

PARABOLIC DISH ANTENNA:- PDA is a high gain reflector antenna used for Radio, TV & Data communication and also for Radar on the UHF & SHF part of electromagnetic spectrum. PDA is set on the Azimuth angle and it is inclined by elevation angle. The focal length of a PDA is given by f = D2/16c ANGLE OF ELEVATION AND AZIMUTH

Block Diagram:

LOW NOISE BLOCK CONVERTER(LNBC)

LNBC Working When receiving a broadcast at 4,200 MHz, the output frequency of interest is 5150 - 4200 = 950 MHz

INPUT RACK 14’’ COLOUR TV WAVEFORM MONITOR IRD (INTEGRATED RECEIVER DECODER) JACK PANEL PATCH CORDS VIDEO DISTRIBUTER AMPLIFIER AUDIO DISTIBUTER AMPLIFIER ACB PANEL

WAVEFORM MONITOR A waveform monitor is a special type of oscilloscope used in television applications. It is typically used to measure and display the level, or voltage, of a video signal with respect to time.

IRD(INTEGRATED RECEIVER DECODER) An integrated receiver/decoder (IRD) is an electronic device used to pick-up a radio-frequency signal and convert digital information transmitted in it.

USES OF IRD : Generally IRD 2900 series is used. The uses of IRD 2900 are:- Digital turnaround Satellite distribution DSNG(digital satellite news gathering) Distance learning Radio reception

Monitoring Rack:- VU Meter Broadcast Power Meter TV Demodulator Audio Monitoring Amplifier Program Amplifier

TV Transmitter For DD National The transmitter is a wideband transmitter operating in the VHF range (170-250 MHz). Main transmitter components are transmitter rack with power distribution, exciter, and power splitter, AF amplifier with power supply, power coupler, audio combiner & cooling system.

Transmitter Family NM 7000: Frequency range 170-250 MHz Sound transmission Dual-sound cooling to Integrated Receiver Transmitter Output stage MOSFET transistor Coolant Demineralized water / Antifrozen N

EXCITER Exciter unit SH 700 in the transmitter conditions the applied video & analog audio signals & modulates them before conversion to RF .It comprises following modules- Encoder(receives analog signal & digitizes it.) Equalizer (Correction is performed ) Modulator (generates the RF vision & sound carriers by direct quadrature modulation) Synthesizer(generates the vision carrier frequency required for modulation) AC power supply Motherboard Control panel with CCU.

PUMP UNIT The pump unit serves to circulate the coolant in the closed cooling circuit of transmitters .

POWER SUPPLY: 11 KV line is provided by RSEB for the power supply of Doordarshan high power transmitter station. Then, 2 step-down transformers are used; one of them is stand-by.Output voltage of transformer is 440V. The whole system is divided into 2 parts:- Essential system Non-essential system  Essential system comprises of those equipments which are required for uninterruptible transmission of channels. Non-essential system comprises of the equipments which can be turned off when supply is ‘OFF’.

SOME ADVANCEMENTS IN TV BROADCASTING TECHNOLOGY

DIRECT TO HOME SERVICE DTH is the digitalized service which provides multiple channel direct to the subscriber without inter mediator. DTH uses satellite and all the reception system at subscriber home, which include Off-set type Parabolic dish antenna (60cm), LNBF, IRD. DD has obtained four high power transponders on NSS-6 Satellite. DD has taken up to a pilot project “Ku Band” transmission satellite earth station for up linking 35 channels TV bouquets along with 15 channels radio bouquets.

HD BROADCAST High-definition television (or HDTV, or HD) refers to video having resolution substantially higher than traditional television systems (standard-definition TV, or SDTV, or SD). HD has one or two million pixels per frame, roughly five times that of SD. Early HDTV broadcasting used analog techniques, but today HDTV is digitally broadcasting video compression.

Doordarshan HD DD HD (MPEG-4/FTA) has Started on DOORDARSHAN IN HD Doordarshan HD Details:- Doordarshan HD DD HD (MPEG-4/FTA) has Started on INSAT 4B(C Band) at 93.5 East Frequency : 3725 , Polarization : Horizontal , Symbol Rate : 27500, Type : free to air Common Wealth Games Delhi2010 was shown totally in HD free of cost.

ELECTRONIC NEWS GATHERING (ENG) and DSNG Live coverage can be given with the help of a satellite uplink truck. A Satellite uplink truck /Outdoor Broadcasting Van use a dish pointed to geostationary satellite.

SNG VEHICLE:- It consists of 5 parts: Production area(directors) Audio Engineer(A/V Synchronization) Video tape machines (VTRs) &/power supply/computer Video control(camera) Transmission

INTERACTIVE TV (iTV) Allow viewers to interact with television content as they view it Interactive television represents a continuum from low interactivity(TV on/off, volume, changing channels) to moderate interactivity (simple movies on demand without player controls) and high interactivity in which, for example, an audience member affects the program being watched. The most obvious example of this would be any kind of real-time voting on the screen, in which audience votes create decisions that are reflected in how the show continues.

iTV continued.. The simplest, Interactivity with a TV set is already very common, starting with the use of the remote control to enable channel surfing behaviours, and evolving to include video-on-demand, VCR-like pause, rewind, and fast forward, and commercial skipping . Global Television Network offers a Two-Screen Solutions interactive game for Big Brother 8 (US) "