Social Studies Skills - Pacific Island Communities Year 9

Format Each skill follows the same structure and has each of the following; 1.A ‘Do Now’ 2.Learning Intentions 3.Rules or instructions of how to use the skill 4.An exemplar of the resource used or what the finished product should look like 5.An activity where students use the skill that relates directly to the unit currently being taught and tests their interpretation of the finished product. E.g. Questions that require the students to interpret their pie graph 6.Success criteria so that students can measure their success with the skill 7.Any resources required by the student

SKILLS CONTENTS – YEAR 9 UnitLesson No.SkillContent Our Place in the WorldLesson 11Bar GraphsRivers of South America Our Place in the WorldLesson 16Topographic Mapping Skills Auckland Pacific Island CommunitiesLesson 1Mapping Longitude and Latitude Location of Pacific Islands Pacific Island CommunitiesLesson 2 or 3Climate Graph construction and interpretation Climate of the Pacific Leadership Change in ChinaLesson 11Paragraph WritingChina Under Communist Rule Leadership Change in ChinaLesson 12Population Pyramid interpretation Population Growth in China Leadership Change in ChinaLesson 13 (revision)TimelinesRevision of China in the 20 th Century Decision MakersLesson 4Essay WritingColonial New Zealand Decision MakersLesson 6Pie Graph construction and interpretation Election results/ how parliament is formed American WestThroughout UnitManyFollow up to skills already taught

Do Now – Longitude & Latitude Use you existing knowledge to name the Pacific Islands and regions located at A – D. B C A D

Learning Intentions Understand the concept of locating places on a sphere Use longitude and latitude co-ordinates to locate places on Earth Understand how latitudinal location effects the climate of a place

The Earth is a Sphere The Earth is a sphere, like a football, but maps are flat. If you try and place a piece of paper flat on a sphere it doesn’t work, it becomes crumpled. So how can you map or navigate the world without crumpling the paper? Longitude and latitude are the answer.

Mapping a Sphere So can a flat piece of paper fit on a sphere? Not if you use a regular grid like the one in picture 1. However, if you use a grid like the one in picture 2 you can a map sphere like picture 3 Longitudinal lines Latitudinal lines 1 2 2

Latitude Lines of Latitude are also called parallels because they run parallel to each other and never touch. For example if you cut an orange into slices, the slices near the centre would be the biggest, and the ends would be the smallest. The latitude line of 0 ̊ is at the centre and is called the Equator. All lines of latitude north of this line are in the Northern Hemisphere and all the lines south of this line are in the Southern Hemisphere (New Zealand is in the Southern Hemisphere) An orange cut along lines of latitude

Latitude The North Pole is at 90° N The South Pole is at 90° S 40° N is the 40° line of latitude north of the equator. 40° S is the 40° line of latitude south of the equator. [ The Northern Hemisphere [ The Southern Hemisphere

Longitude Lines of longitude are also called Meridians. They all touch at the North and South Poles and their distance apart is greatest at the Equator. For example, if an orange was cut along lines of longitude, all pieces would be the same size. The 0 ̊ line of longitude is called the Prime Meridian, and all lines west of this line are in the Western Hemisphere and all lines east of this line are in the Eastern Hemisphere (New Zealand is in the Eastern Hemisphere) Eventually the Western and Eastern Hemispheres meet again at the International Date Line which is directly opposite the Prime Meridian This orange is cut along lines of longitude. They end up shaped like wedges

Longitude 60° E is the 60° line of longitude east of the Prime Meridian WE Lines of longitude begin at the Prime Meridian (0 ̊) 60° W is the 60° line of longitude west of the Prime Meridian Western HemisphereEastern Hemisphere

Equator Latitude 0 o Latitude: (90 o N to 90 o S) Latitude 23½ o NorthTropic of Cancer Latitude 23½ o South Tropic of Capricorn Longitude 30 o East Longitude 60 o East Longitude 30 o West Longitude 60 o West East is the direction of rotation of the Earth North Pole South Pole 23½ o 66½ o 90 o st June 22 nd December 22 nd Sept 20 th March 30 o E 60 o E90 o E 90 o W 30 o W 60 o W Longitude 90 o East Longitude 90 o West Prime Meridian 0 o Longitude Longitude: (180 o E to 180 o W) Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface. Everything Combined

Student Activity - Combining Latitude, Longitude & Hemispheres Click on the link below to watch a short video and then label your diagram of the Earth with the appropriate lines of latitude, longitude and the hemispheres The Earth’s Geographical Grid Bi6hHHMA

Typical Graph Think of longitude and latitude as a graph. The x axis is the Equator and the y axis is the Prime Meridian. Each sector is a combination of TWO hemispheres. E.g. The South-eastern hemisphere. So to find a point you combine the lat. and long. with the hemisphere it is in for each. E N (N, W) (S, E) (N, E) (S, W) 2 ̊ S 3 ̊ E Location using Latitude, Longitude & Hemispheres W S 4 2 The Equator (x axis) The Prime Meridian (y axis)

Student Practice Activity - Give Latitude and longitude co-ordinates for the dots located at A-D (north) (South).A.A.B.B.C.C.D.D 30 ̊N, 30 ̊W 30 ̊S, 120 ̊E 30 ̊S, 60 ̊W 45 ̊S, 15 ̊E

Student Activity – Pacific Islands Locations Using the world Atlas or the Atlas of Aotearoa find the Longitude and Latitude of the following Pacific Islands locations 1.Wellington, New Zealand 2.Viti Levu, Fiji 3.Tahiti (French Polynesia) 4.Apia, Samoa 5.Rarotonga, Cook Islands 6.Nauru 7.Tonga Tapu, Tonga 8.Honolulu, Hawaii 9.What pattern do you notice about latitude of these locations apart from Wellington? 10. What did the video say about the climate in the at different latitudes? 41 ̊ S, 175 ̊ E 18 ̊ S, 178 ̊ E 18 ̊ S, 148 ̊ W 14 ̊ S, 172 ̊ W 20 ̊ S, 159 ̊ E 3 ̊ S, 172 ̊ E 21 ̊ S, 175 ̊ W 20 ̊ N, 160 ̊ W They are all within the ‘tropics’ (23.5 ̊ S and 23.5 N ) The tropics are hot and have heavy rain and temperate regions have 4 different seasons

Success Criteria – Longitude & Latitude EvidenceNot Achieved AchievedMeritExcellence Number of questions answered correctly on ‘Student Activity – Pacific Islands Locations’ Less than 5Between 5-6Between 7-8Between 9-10

Practice Game - Longitude & Latitude Battleship Military TypeNumber on mapPoints for hit Infantry125 Tanks515 Battleship330 Submarine240 Rules 1)On your sheet draw your army/navy by locating each on a point on the grid where the lines intersect (see example on next slide). Do not let the person you are playing see your paper! 2)Once your army/navy is drawn on you begin to play. Take turns at giving co-ordinates of longitude and latitude. If the co-ordinates match something in your army/navy it is destroyed (cross it out) and your opponent gets the amount of points that fit the military type. 3)The winner is the first person to completely annihilate their opponent, or have the most points at the end of play.

EXAMPLE

Learning Intentions Students will be able to construct a climate graph. Students will be able to read & interpret a climate graph. Students will be able to detect patterns between climate and human lifestyle in certain locations.

Climate Graph Rules A climate graph is a combination of a line graph (temperature) and bar graph (rainfall) used to show the average temperature and rainfall of an area, usually a city or country. There are two y axis. One for temperature in degrees Celsius ( ̊C) and one for rainfall in millimetres (mm). Both have regular intervals. The rainfall bars are always touching Each point for the temperature line must be plotted in the centre of the month it represents and then joined to form a line that touches both sides of the y axis Use appropriate colours for your graph. E.g. Blue for the rainfall bars and red for the temperature line. The title should have ‘what, when and where’

Climate Graphs Title (what, where, but no ‘when’ as it is an average taken over many years). Regular intervals along both axis – temperature increases in 5’s and rainfall in 50’s on this graph. Temperature line is red and each point is plotted at the centre of each month. The line also touches both sides of the y axis. Rainfall bars are blue, are the same width, and they touch each other. Month All axis are labelled including units.

Activity - Climate Graph Construction Samoa JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC Temp. ⁰C Rainfall mm Using the table below and the climate graph template, construct a climate graph for Samoa and Auckland. Be sure to follow the rules and its very important that you plot rainfall as a ‘blue’ bar graph and temperature as a ‘red’ line graph. Auckland JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC Temp. ⁰C Rainfall mm

Climate Graph for Auckland, New Zealand Temperature ( ̊C) Rainfall (mm) JFMAMJJASOND Temperature ( ̊C) Rainfall (mm) JFMAMJJASOND Month

Exemplars Month

Climate Graph Interpretation Use your graphs of Auckland and Samoa to fill in the gaps and answer the following questions. 1.__________ climate has a consistently hot temperature throughout the year. 2.__________ climate has wet season with high rainfall and a drier season with low rainfall. 3.Auckland’s climate has consistent __________ throughout the year which is slightly higher during winter. 4.__________ climate has a _________ temperature throughout the year with defined warm and cool seasons. 5.Give a reasons why Samoa’s climate is so different to Auckland’s. 6.Give an example of how the climate of Samoa would effect the lifestyle of the people living there.

Climate Graph Success Criteria EvidenceNot Achieved AchievedMeritExcellence Climate Graph Title (what, when, where) Rainfall bars accurately plotted Rainfall bars shaded Temp. points plotted in centre of month Temp. line touches both sides of y axis Less than 3 climate graphs rules correct 3 climate graph rules correct 4 climate graph rules correct All climate graph rules correct including a full title Interpretation Answers question about climate graph correctly Two or less correct Three/Four Correct Five CorrectAll six correct