Tuuli Länik September, 2009

PRESENT SIMPLE - formation I / YOU / WE / THEY – PLAY; DO HE/ SHE / IT – PLAYS; DOES CATCH+ES CATCHES PLAY+S PLAYS TRY+S TRIES 12/06/2016

PRESENT SIMPLE Time words OFTEN ALWAYS ONCE A YEAR / MONTH / WEEK EVERY WEEK/ YEAR/MONTH SOMETIMES USUALLY RARELY 12/06/2016

PRESENT SIMPLE - usage 1. Permanent states He works as a surgeon. Does he work as a surgeon? He doesn’t work as a surgeon. He comes from Italy, so he speaks Italian. He loves reading horror stories. 12/06/2016

PRESENT SIMPLE - usage 2. Daily routines & habits He goes swimming every Saturday. I often go to the cinema. He enjoys watching TV in the evenings. 12/06/2016

PRESENT SIMPLE - usage 3. General truths & laws of nature Does the sun set in the west? Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius. The Moon goes around the earth. 12/06/2016

PRESENT SIMPLE - usage 4. Timetables and programmes The train to London leaves at 5. What time does the train to London leave? What time does your plane arrive? The museums open at 9 a.m. 12/06/2016

PRESENT SIMPLE 5. Sports commentaries, reviews, narrations, instructions At the beginning of the film/book she finds her true love in love and at the end she gets married. Owen passes the ball to Beckham and he scores! First, you boil the water and then you add the tea. 12/06/2016

PRESENT CONTINUOUS AM IS+ ING ARE CARRY + ING CARRYING RUN + ING RUNNING TAKE + ING TAKING 12/06/2016

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - FORMATION TIME WORDS NOW AT THE MOMENT THESE DAYS NOWADAYS TODAY TONIGHT 12/06/2016

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - usage 1. Actions happening at the moment of speaking Tina is cooking a meal now. Look! He is running after the dog! What are you doing there? 12/06/2016

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - usage 2. Fixed arrangements in the near future I'm going to the dentist tomorrow. I am spending my summer in the Bahamas. He is seeing his lawyer tomorrow. 12/06/2016

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - usage 3. Actions happening around the moment of speaking A&G is having sales this week. She is practicing for her concert these days. 12/06/2016

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - usage 4. Currently changing/developing situations/trends More and more people are smoking nowadays. The crime rate is falling. The river is flowing fast after last night’s rain. 12/06/2016

PRESENT CONTINUOUS - usage 5. To express annoyance because of a repeated action You're always forgetting to do the dishes. Why are you always criticising me? My parents are always nagging. 12/06/2016

PRESENT PERFECT - formation I/YOU/WE/THEY – HAVE + III irreg./-(e)d HE / SHE / IT – HAS 12/06/2016

PRESENT PERFECT TIME WORDS EVER NEVER YET JUST ALREADY IT’S THE FIRST TIME … FOR SINCE 12/06/2016

PRESENT PERFECT - usage 1. Action started in the past, continues up to the present I have known him for years. I have had the same car for ten years. I have lived here since I was /06/2016

PRESENT PERFECT - usage 2. Recently completed action with a visible result in the present You have washed the car! It looks very nice! Ow! I’ve just cut my finger. She has lost a lot of weight and is quite slim now. 12/06/2016

PRESENT PERFECT - usage 3. Action that happened at an unstated time in the past; stress is on the action I have only visited Portugal once. Have you seen Dean today? They have never met their granddaughter. 12/06/2016

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS - formation I/YOU/WE/THEY – HAVE BEEN + -ING HE / SHE / IT – HAS 12/06/2016

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TIME WORDS EVER NEVER YET JUST ALREADY FOR SINCE THIS MORNING 12/06/2016

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS - usage 1. Action started in the past, continues up to the present; stress is on the duration of the action They have been playing football for hours. I have been working here for 40 years already. It has been raining all week. 12/06/2016

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS - usage 2. Action started in the past and lasted for some time. There is a visible result. I am tired. I have been working all morning. You look excellent! You must have been working out a lot. 12/06/2016

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS - usage 3. To express annoyance because of a repeated action that started in the past and continues up to the present. They have been listening to that loud music all night! 12/06/2016

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS - usage 4. Repeated actions in the past continuing to the present I have been taking Spanish lessons in the evenings. He has been watching that series since time immemorial. 12/06/2016