 What were some of the causes of the Civil War?  What advantages did the North have at the start of the war?  Why were Gettysburg and Vicksburg important battles?  How did President Lincoln solve the issue of slavery?

Objective: Students will understand the effects of the Civil War.

 Sherman’s March to the Sea- takes the South with total destruction ( )  Lincoln Re-elected (1864)  General Lee surrenders to Grant (April 1865)  War Ends (June 1865)

 Federal government claimed authority- increased central government powers  States still had some powers  Ended threats of secession  National Bank Act of set up loan requirements & required bank inspections

 Widened the gap between Northern & Southern economies- north boomed- south devastated  Human costs- 360,000 Union & 260,000 Confederate soldiers died- veterans with lost limbs a common sight  American Red Cross established- Clara Barton

Reconstruction was the period during which the United States began to rebuild after the Civil War ( ). It also refers to the process in which the Federal Government used to readmit the Southern States.

Questions of Reconstruction  How will southern states rejoin the Union?  How will the southern economy be rebuilt?  What rights will African-Americans have?

Lincoln’s 10% Plan- Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction  Wanted a speedy recovery of Union  Readmit states if 10% of voters swear loyalty  Only punish high ranking Confederates that committed crimes against POW’s  Radical Republicans- opposed Lincoln’s plan because it did not do enough- wanted full citizenship for African-Americans & punishment of the south

 Five days after Lee’s surrender, Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theatre in Washington  John Wilkes Booth- Southern sympathizer- shot Lincoln in the back of the head  Lincoln died the next morning- April 15, 1865  First presidential assassination Video clip on drive

John Wilkes Booth Ford’s Theater

 After Lincoln’s assassination, Andrew Johnson becomes president  President Andrew Johnson  Former TN Senator, was loyal to the North  Believes in a “government for white men”  Little sympathy for African- American struggles

Southern states must pass the 13th Amendment- abolished slavery Each state would have to withdraw its secession Supports state rights allows states make decisions about African-Americans

 Law passed by congress that established organization to help former slaves  Provided food, clothing, hospital care, jobs & education Josiah Washington, Former Slave in SC “The Freedman’s Bureau has been the best thing for my family since Lincoln made his Proclamation in My sister has been treated for her illness and her life saved at the Freedman’s Hospital near Charleston. Plus, my children are starting school this year under the Freedman’s program.”

Black Codes- laws used to control African- Americans in the South  Could not carry weapons  Could not serve on juries  Could not travel without permits  No ownership of land  Limited job opportunities

Radical & moderate Republicans are furious with the South and Johnson’s disregard for Reconstruction- Congress comes up with its own plan for Reconstruction  Goal of Congress- make the South Pay!  When Southern Representatives arrive in Washington D.C., Congress refused them their seats

Civil Rights Act of 1866  Full citizenship rights to African- Americans  Outlaws black codes Both the Freedman’s Bureau Act and the Civil Right Act is VETOED by Johnson, but the veto is overturned by Congress & becomes law

 14 th Amendment passed- guarantees citizenship to all born in the United States  Military Reconstruction Act (1867)-Divided south into 5 military districts governed by Union generals until they agreed to pass the 14 th amendment (Johnson’s veto overturned)

Impeach- to formally charge with misconduct during office  Johnson impeached- charged with not following Tenure of Office Act 1867  Tenure of Office Act said you could not fire an congressional official without Senate consent  Johnson ignores act  Fails by one vote

 Johnson served out his term but did not run for re-election  Ulysses S. Grant wins the election  Wins the electoral college vote by wide margin  Wins popular vote by only 306,592; about 500,000 African-Americans voted  Shows the importance of African-American vote  15 th Amendment passed- no one can be kept from voting based on race (still only males)