Radiographic Anatomy Review Julie Branagan MS, RT(R) August 20, 2013

My Background Radiologic Technologist – 20 years Radiology educator – 10 years – Radiographic Procedures – Image analysis – Clinical coordinator

Objectives Review basic anatomy of the following systems – Skeletal – Circulatory – Digestive – Respiratory – Urinary Identify anatomy on radiographic images

Definition of Terms Anatomy – The term applied to the science of the structure of the body Physiology – The study of the function of the body organs

Human Structural Organization

Divisions of the body Why? – Most specific means in which to describe the human body Most common – Body planes – Body cavities

Body Planes Imaginary planes that subdivide the body in reference to anatomic position Planes “slice” the body in all directions at designated levels Fundamental planes – Sagittal – Coronal – Horizontal – Oblique

Body Planes (Sagittal)

Body Cavities Two great cavities – Thoracic cavity – Abdominal cavity Abdominal cavity has no lower partition, but the lower portion is called the pelvic cavity Often referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity

Body Cavities Thoracic cavity contains – Pleural membranes – Lungs – Trachea – Esophagus – Pericardium – Heart and great vessels

Body Cavities Abdominal cavity contains - Peritoneum- Stomach - Liver- Intestines - Gallbladder- Kidneys - Pancreas- Ureters - Spleen- Major blood vessels

Body Cavities Pelvic portion contains – Rectum – Urinary bladder – Part of the reproductive system

Body Systems Skeletal Circulatory Digestive Respiratory Urinary Reproductive Nervous Muscular Endocrine Integumentary

Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 14 Skeletal System 206 separate bones Osteology – Study of the bones Arthrology – Study of the joints

Bone Functions Attachment for muscles Mechanical basis for movement Protection of internal organs Support frame for body Storage for calcium, phosphorus, and other salts Production of red and white blood cells

Hand

Pelvis

Vertebral Column/Spine

Cervical Spine

Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 23 Circulatory System Distributes oxygen to cells Transports waste products from cells (heart, blood, and blood vessels)(lymph nodes, vessels, and glands)

26 Lower abdominal angiogram—DSA image on right Lower Abdominal Angiogram

Computed Tomography Angiogram

Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 28 Digestive System Absorption Elimination

Esophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Copyright © 2010 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. 36 Respiratory System Purpose: Exchange of gaseous substances between the air and the blood Four divisions: Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs

Trachea

Anatomy: Bronchi and Alveoli

Chest Xray

Anatomy: Lungs

Chest Xray

Diseased Lung

Urinary System Regulates blood Eliminates waste products

44 Urinary System Kidneys (2) Ureters (2) Urinary bladder Urethra Suprarenal (adrenal) glands (endocrine system) Anterior view

Urinary System View from the back View from the side

Kidneys Kidney Nephron

47 IVU Demonstrating Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder

Retrograde Urogram

Nephrotomogram

50 Bladder and Urethra Voiding Cystourethrogram

References Bontrager, K & Lampignano, J. (2010). Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy. 7 th ed. Mosby. Frank, E., Long, B., & Smith, B. (2012). Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures. 12 th ed. Elsevier.