Outline The quality imperative TQM Manufacturing perspectives Manufacturing strategy Lean and Six Sigma Summary 双语 PPT 2

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5 The 8 Dimensions of Product Quality Performance How well the product performs in comparison to how it was designed to perform Reliability Likelihood that the product will perform throughout its expected life Durability The actual life expectancy of the product Conformance Does the product meet its specifications as designed Features What different functions or tasks can the product perform Aesthetics the style, materials, and visual appeal of a product Serviceability What is the ease of fixing or repairing the product if it fails Perceived Quality Based on customer’s experience before, during and after they purchase a product

How to measure dimensions of product quality? Performance Performance The most obvious aspect of quality; An item may actually have several performance dimensions; Internal memory, hard disk capacity, and numerous other performance features. 双语 PPT 6

How to measure dimensions of product quality? Reliability Reliability the likelihood that a product will perform throughout its expected life. Durability Durability It refers to the actual life expectancy of a product. Durability and reliability are distinct but interrelated aspects of quality. 双语 PPT 7

How to measure dimensions of product quality? Conformance conformance refers to whether a firm’s products actually meet the precise description or specifications as designed. Features Features 功能 Aesthetics Aesthetics 美观 Serviceability Serviceability 可维护性 Perceived quality Perceived quality 品质认知度 双语 PPT 8

Manufacturing perspective A firm’s manufacturing competency is based on: Brand power Volume The principle of economy of scale, which defines a relationship wherein the average cost of producing a product declines as its manufacturing volume increases. 双语 PPT 9

10 公司的制造竞争力影响因素包括： Brand power 品牌影响力 （规模经济的含义？ Volume 生产规模（规模经济的含义？） 范围效益 Varity 产品的多样性（范围效益，电子产品、服装 、玩具等） Constraints (TOC, theory of constraints) 能力制 约（生产能力、设备、建设转型等） Leadtime (operational and interoperational time) 提前期

and Varity As contrasted to economy of scale, manufacturing processes that feature variety rapidly switching production from one product to another while retaining efficiency are referred to as having economy of scope. Variety also refers to the range of product variations that are capable of being manufactured by using a given process. Constraints (TOC, theory of constraints) Lead-time (operational and inter-operational time) 双语 PPT 11

双语 PPT 12 Manufacturing perspectives continued Constraints interact with volume and variety to create realistic manufacturing plans Capacity is how much can you produce in a given unit of time Equipment considers how flexible it is Is one particular piece a bottleneck? Setup/Changeover considers how quickly can you change from one variety of product to another Leadtime is the measure of elapsed time between release of a work order to the shop floor and completion of all work on the product to achieve ready-to-ship status

双语 PPT 13 Manufacturing process Job shop, 单件生产 Batch ，批量生产（小批量地切换生产不同产品） Line flow 流水线生产（生产有大量需求的一系列产品， 形成品种有限的标准化产品） Continuous 连续性生产

Alternative manufacturing strategies MTP (make-to-plan ， make-to-stock 作成存货 ), its strategies are characteristic of industries exploiting economy of scale gained from long production runs. MTO (make-to-order ), its strategies seek to manufacture to customer specification. ETO(ENGINEER-TO-ORDER) 双语 PPT 14

双语 PPT 15 Strategic Integration Framework