5-MINUTE CHECK 1 A.R 1, 11 B.R 1, R 2 C.R 2, 1 D.R 2, 11 Which is not part of the sample space for the following situation? George can eat at two different restaurants on his college campus. He has an hour break at 11:00 and at 1:00.

5-MINUTE CHECK 2 A.W 1, E B.W 2, E C.E, F D.W 1, F Which is not part of the sample space for the following situation? An editor has two writers available to write a story. They can either write a factual piece or an editorial.

5-MINUTE CHECK 3 A.9 B.15 C.20 D.40 Find the number of possible outcomes for the situation. When choosing a cell phone, Terrence has 4 color choices and 5 additional options.

5-MINUTE CHECK 4 A.40 B.120 C.150 D.160 Find the number of possible outcomes for the situation. In a cafeteria there are 4 choices for a main dish, 4 choices for a side dish, 5 choices of drinks, and 2 choices for dessert.

5-MINUTE CHECK 5 A.144 B.130 C.94 D.72 For her birthday, Trina received a new wardrobe consisting of 6 shirts, 4 pairs of pants, 2 skirts, and 3 pairs of shoes. How many new outfits can she make?

VOCABULARY permutation factorial circular permutation combination

Where order sometimes matters!

CONCEPT

EXAMPLE 1 Eli and Mia, along with 30 other people, sign up to audition for a talent show. Contestants are called at random to perform for the judges. What is the probability that Eli will be called to perform first and Mia will be called second? Step 1Find the number of possible outcomes in the sample space. This is the number of permutations of the order of the 30 contestants, or 30!. Step 2Find the number of favorable outcomes. This is the number of permutations of the other contestants given that Eli is first and Mia is second, which is (30 – 2)! or 28!.

Step 3Calculate the probability. number of favorable outcomes number of possible outcomes Expand 30! and divide out common factors. Simplify. 1 1 Answer:

Hila, Anisa, and Brant are in a lottery drawing for housing with 40 other students to choose their dorm rooms. If the students are chosen in random order, what is the probability that Hila is chosen first, Anisa second, and Brant third? A. B. C. D. YOU TRY

CONCEPT

EXAMPLE 2 There are 12 puppies for sale at the local pet shop. Four are brown, four are black, three are spotted, and one is white. What is the probability that all the brown puppies will be sold first? Step 1Since the order that the puppies are sold is important, this problem relates to permutation. The number of possible outcomes in the sample space is the number of permutations of 12 puppies taken 4 at a time. 1 1

Step 2The number of favorable outcomes is the number of permutations of the 4 brown puppies in their specific positions. This is 4! or 24 favorable outcomes. Step 3So the probability of the four brown puppies being sold first is Answer:

YOU TRY There are 24 people in a hula-hoop contest. Five of them are part of the Garcia family. If everyone in the contest is equally as good at hula-hooping, what is the probability that the Garcia family finishes in the top five spots? A. B. C. D.

CONCEPT

EXAMPLE 3 A box of floor tiles contains 5 blue (bl) tiles, 2 gold (gd) tiles, and 2 green (gr) tiles in random order. The desired pattern is bl, gd, bl, gr, bl, gd, bl, gr, and bl. If you selected a permutation of these tiles at random, what is the probability that they would be chosen in the correct sequence? Step 1There is a total of 9 tiles. Of these tiles, blue occurs 5 times, gold occurs 2 times, and green occurs 2 times. So the number of distinguishable permutations of these tiles is Use a calculator.

Step 2There is only one favorable arrangement— bl, gd, bl, gr, bl, gd, bl, gr, bl. Step 3The probability that a permutation of these tiles selected will be in the chosen sequence is Answer:

A.B. C.D. YOU TRY A box of floor tiles contains 3 red (rd) tiles, 3 purple (pr) tiles, and 2 orange (or) tiles in random order. The desired patter is rd, rd, pr, pr, or, rd, pr, and or. If you selected a permutation of these tiles at random, what is the probability that they would be chosen in the correct sequence?

CONCEPT

EXAMPLE 4 If 8 students sit at random in the circle of chairs shown, what is the probability that the students sit in the arrangement shown? Explain your reasoning. Since there is no fixed reference point, this is a circular permutation. So there are (8 – 1)! or 7! distinguishable permutations of the way the students can sit.

EXAMPLE 4 Answer:The probability of the students sitting in the arrangement shown is

EXAMPLE 4 You purchase a box of 8 crayons. If the crayons are packaged in random order, what is the probability that the crayon on the far left is red? Explain your reasoning. Since the crayons are packaged in a row, instead of a circle with no fixed reference point, this is a linear permutation. In that case, since there are 8 positions and 1 red crayon, the probability that the crayon on the far left is red is Answer:

A.B. C.D. YOU TRY If for a birthday party there are 5 people having cake, and there are 5 different colored plates, what is the probability that if chosen at random the plates will be displayed as seen in the order at the right?

YOU TRY A.B. C.D. A home builder is constructing 6 different models of homes on a major cross street, 5 of which are 2- floored homes, and only 1 home that is 1 floor. If built at random, what is the possibility the 1- floored home will be on the 1st plot of land?

CONCEPT

EXAMPLE 5 A set of alphabet magnets are placed in a bag. If 5 magnets are drawn from the bag at random, what is the probability that they will be the letters a, e, i, o, and u? Step 1Since the order in which the magnets are chosen does not matter, the number of possible outcomes in the sample space is the number of combinations of 26 letters taken 5 at a time, 26 C 5.

Step 2There is only one favorable outcome that all 5 letters are a, e, i, o, and u. The order in which they are chosen is not important. Step 3So, the probability of just getting a, e, i, o, and u is Answer:

YOU TRY A set of alphabet magnets are placed in a bag. If 4 magnets are drawn from the bag at random, what is the probability that they will be the letters m, a, t, and h? A.ans B.ans C.ans D.ans