Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Basic Body Structure Cells – Cells are the basic units of all living things. The human body is made up of trillions of cells. There are many different types of cells; each has a special function. Tissues – Groups of similar cells combine to form tissues. Organs – A group of tissues that perform a single function make up organs. Systems – A group of organs working together with a specific function make up a body system. Cells → Tissues→ Organs→ Body Systems

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Body Systems Musculoskeletal system (See Figures 5.1 and 5.2) (Refer to Unit VII, Lesson Plan 1, Principles of Restorative Nursing, for further information.) Organs Muscles Bones Joints Movement Protection Support Calcium storage Production of blood cells Functions

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.1 – Muscular System Label Muscles

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.2 – Skeletal System Bone Song

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Body Systems Nervous system (See Figure 5.3.) (Refer to Unit II, Lesson Plan 2, Dealing with the Resident Who is Confused or Mentally Ill, for further information.) Organs Brain Spinal cord Nerves Function – controls and coordinates the body activities

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.3 – Nervous System Nervous System

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Body Systems Sensory system (See Figures 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6.) (Refer to Unit I, Lesson Plan 11, Communication Skills, for further information.) Organs Eyes Ears Nose Tongue Skin Functions Sight Sound/hearing Smell Taste Feeling/touch

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.4 – The Eye A Journey Through the Human Eye: How We See – YouTube Ophthalmology Lecture - Eye Anatomy Part 1 - YouTube

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.5 – The Ear The process Of Hearing Animation

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.6 – Organs of Taste and Smell Sense of Taste CNS How the Body Works

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Body Systems Cardiovascular (circulatory) system (See Figure 5.7.) (Refer to Unit I, Lesson Plan 8, Temperature, Pulse, and Respirations (TPR), for further information.) Organs Heart Blood vessels Blood Functions Carries nutrients and oxygen to cells Removes waste from cells

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.7 – Circulatory System Heart Anatomy Pumps your Blood

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Respiratory system (See Figure 5.8.) (Refer to Unit 1, Lesson Plan 8, Temperature, Pulse, and Respirations (TPR), for further information.) Organs Nose Body Systems Mouth Epiglottis Pharynx Larynx Trachea Lungs Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Functions Provides oxygen to cells Removes waste in the form of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from cells

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.8 – Respiratory System Respiratory Anatomy Respiratory System

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Digestive system (See Figure 5.9.) (Refer to Unit IV, Lesson Plan 1, Nutrition, and Unit VI, Lesson Plan 2, Elimination of Stool.) Organs Mouth Body Systems Salivary glands Esophagus Liver Stomach Gall bladder Pancreas Large and small intestines Appendix Rectum Anus Functions Ingests and prepares food for use by the body Excretes waste

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.9 – Digestive System Digestive System

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Small and Large Intestine Small IntestineLarge Intestine (Colon)

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Digestive System

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Body Systems Urinary system (See Figure 5.10.) (Refer to Unit VI, Lesson Plan 1, Elimination of Urine, for further information.) Organs Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Functions Filters wastes from blood Produces urine Maintains a stable balance of water and minerals in the body (homeostasis)

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.10 – Urinary System Urinary System

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Body Systems Reproductive system (See Figure 5.11 and 5.12) (Refer to Unit V, Lesson Plan 5, Perineal Care, for further information.) Male and Female Reproductive System Organs Male Testes Prostate gland Penis Urethra Female Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Vagina Functions Produces reproductive cells Male - sperm Female – ovum or egg Produces hormones that are responsible for secondary sex characteristics Male - testosterone Female – estrogen and progesterone

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.11 – Male Reproductive System Male Reproductive System The Anatomy of the Prostate Gland - YouTube Pathway of Sperm

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.12 – Female Reproductive System Cadaver Female Reproductive System

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Body Systems Endocrine system (See Figure 5.13.) (Refer to Unit IV, Lesson Plan 1, Nutrition, for further information.) Organs Pituitary gland Functions Secretes hormones to regulate body processes of growth and development Thyroid gland Thymus gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal gland Pancreas gland Gonads – ovaries or testes Regulates body functions

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.13 – Endocrine System The Endocrine System and How It Works

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Body Systems Integumentary system (See Figure 5.14.) (Refer to Unit I, Lesson Plan 11, Communication Skills, and Unit V, Lesson Plan 10, Backrub/Skin Care, for further information.) Organs Skin Functions Provides protection Hair Nails Oil glands Sweat glands Regulates body temperature Excretes wastes Manufactures vitamin D

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.14 – Skin Section Integumentary System

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Body Systems Lymphatic system (See Figure 5.15.) (Refer to Unit III, Lesson Plan 3, Infection Control, for further information.) Organs Tonsils Functions Produces antibodies Lymph fluid Lymph nodes Spleen Manufactures white blood cells Filters impurities such as dead cells and bacteria

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology Figure 5.15 – Lymphatic System Immune System

Nurse Assistant In a Long-Term Care Facility Unit I: The Nurse Assistant Lesson Plan 5: Human Anatomy and Physiology In this lesson each body system is introduced. As you progress throughout this course, you will learn more about human anatomy and physiology and see how body systems relate to the type of nursing care you will be expected to perform. Conclusion