Topics Presynaptic: transmitters –general considerations criteria, types –small molecules synthesis, location –peptides roles, synthesis from precursors –co-existence

Topics Postsynaptic: second messengers –access 7 transmembrane domain receptors, G proteins –types cAMP, AA, DAG, IP 3 –protein kinases –truncating pathway –utility

motor neur.  skel. mus. ANS, esp. parasympath. n. basalis of Meynert presynaptic modulator myasthenia gravis Alzheimer’s substan. nigra  caudate n. midbrain  limbic system Parkinson’s drug addiction schizophrenia sympathetic endings locus coeruleusdepression adrenal medulla (neurohormone) raphé n.depression glutamatemajor excitatory transmitter in brain stroke major inhibitory transmitter in brain epilepsy glycinemajor inhibitory transmitter in spinal cord acetyl CoA + choline CH 3 -C-O-CH 2 -CH 2 -N + -(CH 3 ) 3 + CoA O CAT acetylcholine tyrosine + O 2 L-DOPA TH AAAD dopamine HO- -CH 2 -CH 2 -NH 2 dopamine HO- -CH-CH 2 -NH 2 OH DBH norepinephrine HO- -CH-CH 2 -NH-CH 3 OH norepinephrine PNMT epinephrine H N tryptophan + O 2 5-HTP TrH AAAD-CH 2 -CH 2 -NH 2 serotonin gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) glutamate GAD

Principles, Table 15-3

Principles, Fig. 15-2

Principles, Fig. 13-2

Principles, pg. 236

Principles, Fig. 13-6

Utility of second messengers lengthening of signal amplification of signal divergence to several targets convergence to single target spatial spreading of signal regulation of gene transcription