Anti-rheumatics Guggul PH103.41

Recap In the last class we learnt about The monograph of the Antitussive drug TULSI The active constituents is Volatile oil Tulsi is having a variety of activities apart from Antitussive activity PH103.41

OBJECTIVES On completion of this period you would be able to learn about The monograph of Anti-rheumatic drug GUGGUL PH103.41

ANTIRHEUMATICS - DEFINITION Drugs used for the treatment of rheumatism Rheumatism is characterized by increased level of Uric acid in the blood, recurrent attacks of inflammation of joints due to deposition of monosodium urate crystals in the cartilage and tendons PH103.41

SYMPTOMS OF RHEUMATISM Spontaneous pain, often severe but lasting for a few days The pain may be precipitated by injury, unaccustomed exercise or application of pressure to the region PH103.41

GUGGUL Syn. : Indian bdellium tree, Scented bdellium, Gum Guggul Biological Source: Oleo gum resin from the bark of Commiphora mukul Family: Burseraceae Geographical Source: India, Arabia, Bangladesh and Pakistan In India it grows in Rajasthan, Hyderabad, Madhya Pradesh, Assam and Karnataka Fig.41.1 Guggul tree PH103.41

CULTIVATION AND COLLECTION 2-3 m tree with woody, spine scent branches Tree grows well in sandy loam soil with gypsum content and pH 7.5 - 9.0 Propagated both by seeds and stem cuttings Oleo gum resin is collected from at least 5 yr. plants by making deep circular incisions Each plant yields ½ to 1 kg of Guggul PH103.41

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS RESIN Occurs as vermicular Rounded masses or Tears. Nearly transparent Moist & viscid when fresh Burns in fire and melts in sun Fig.41.2 Guggul tree PH103.41

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS RESIN Colour : Golden, pale yellow, brown or dull brown Odour : Fragrant and balsamic Taste : Bitter and aromatic Solubility : Partly soluble in alcohol and in hot ethyl acetate PH103.41

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS It is classified as a Oleo-gum-resin Resin (58%) contains Steriods Guggulosterols I, II and III and Guggulosterones Z and E Gum contains Pentosan, Pentoses and Furfural PH103.41

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS Essential Oil (15%) contains19 components. Myrecene, Dimyrecene Polymyrecene, Caryophyllene Other Constituents: Sesamine, Lignan derivatives, Cholesterol, β-sitosterol, foreign impurities 4-6% PH103.41

USES Guggul is having a variety of activities Used in Osteoarthritis, Frozen shoulders, Sciatica, Atherosclerosis, Hemiplegia, Infective Hepatitis & Dental infections Significant Anti-inflammatory, Diuretic, Anti-hypertensive, Anti-rheumatic, Stomachic, Hypocholestremic, Hypolipidemic and Anti-fertility activity. PH103.41

USES Used as Astringent, Carminative, Expectorant, Diaphoretic Prophylaxis in heart attacks and strokes Used in Neurological disorders, Hay fever, Anaemia, Syphilis, Thyroid disorders, Anitspasmodic Used in Essence sticks PH103.41

INDIGENOUS PREPARATIONS Guggulipid (in heart disease, gout & spondilytis) Septilin (various infections) Billiarin (in infective hepatitis) Arogyawardhini (Acute viral infections etc.,) Guglip (Hypocholesteremic & hypolipidemic) PH103.41

Adulterated with resins of various Commiphora species like ADULTERANTS Adulterated with resins of various Commiphora species like Commiphora abyssinica Commiphora roxburghii Commiphora molmol Boswellia serrata PH103.41

In this class we learnt about SUMMARY In this class we learnt about The monograph of the Anti-rheumatic drug GUGGUL Guggul contains oleo-gum resin containing steroids and essential oils Can be used for variety of purposes apart from anti-rheumatic activity PH103.41

QUIZ 1. The active constituents in Guggul are present in a) Oleo-gum resin b) Tannins c) Saponins d) None of the above PH103.41

QUIZ 2. Rheumatism is due to accumulation of the following compound in the joints a) Acetic acid b) Pyruvic acid c) Uric acid d) None of the above PH103.41

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Define Anti-rheumatic drugs. Mention the Botanical sources of two drugs Write the Botanical Source and Macroscopy of Guggul Write the Chemical constituents and Uses of Guggul PH103.41