Managing biodiversity Learning intention To understand the issues in management

WALT To understand how the threats to ecosystems can be managed Success Criteria A – Examine the methods of management to the threats of ecosystems C – Describe and explain methods of management Starter: Review…

WALT To understand how the threats to ecosystems can be managed Success Criteria A – Examine the methods of management to the threats of ecosystems C – Describe and explain methods of management Activate: What is the concept of sustainable yield? Sustainable yield is a key part of sustainable management of ecosystems. It represents the ‘safe’ level of harvest that can be hunted/caught/ utilised without harming the environment. Two measures are used to assess this yield: Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is the greatest harvest that can be taken indefinitely while leaving the ecosystem intact. Is harvesting wild animals, plants or fish sustainable use of an ecosystem? * Optimum sustained yield (OSY) best compromise. Does not destroy the aesthetic or recreational value of the ecosystem and allows multiple use for maximum benefit.

WALT To understand how the threats to ecosystems can be managed Success Criteria A – Examine the methods of management to the threats of ecosystems C – Describe and explain methods of management Activate: What is the concept of sustainable yield? In order to manage wildlife and fisheries a model has been developed to estimate the carrying capacity. This is the maximum human population that can exist in equilibrium with the available resources. The problem is that this varies seasonally….overtime it my be reduced by climate change.

WALT To understand how the threats to ecosystems can be managed Success Criteria A – Examine the methods of management to the threats of ecosystems C – Describe and explain methods of management Activate: Case study: Sustainable yield management in Southern Ocean The Southern Ocean wraps around Antarctica and accounts for 10% of all oceans. The oceans are fished sustainably thanks to 1961 Antarctic Treaty system. Before this they were exhausted and overfished. Several fin fish became extinct. A model was used to calculate the fishing yield.

WALT To understand how the threats to ecosystems can be managed Success Criteria A – Examine the methods of management to the threats of ecosystems C – Describe and explain methods of management Activate: Southern ocean SYM – A 3 prong approach! * Single species approach sets limits for harvesting individual species that are indefinitely sustainable. * Ecosystem approach involves considering harvested species both on their own and in relation to dependant species and whole environment. * Precautionary principle aims to model consequences of any planned expansion of catches before it is permitted.

WALT To understand how the threats to ecosystems can be managed Success Criteria A – Examine the methods of management to the threats of ecosystems C – Describe and explain methods of management Activate: Case study: CAMPFIRE approach – Why did it collapse? Under British colonial rule large sections of indigenous population in Zimbabwe were forced to live in communal areas - tribal trust lands. Communal Areas Management Programme for indigenous resources (CAMPFIRE) project was set up in the late 1980’s. It was aimed at long-term development, management and sustainable use of natural resources in each communal area.

WALT To understand how the threats to ecosystems can be managed Success Criteria A – Examine the methods of management to the threats of ecosystems C – Describe and explain methods of management Activate: Case study: CAMPFIRE approach The responsibility was placed with local people, whilst allowing them to benefit directly from the exploitation of resources. ‘Bottom Up’ Approach – varies and advice is given by the Zimbabwe Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management.

WALT To understand how the threats to ecosystems can be managed Success Criteria A – Examine the methods of management to the threats of ecosystems C – Describe and explain methods of management Activate: Case study: CAMPFIRE approach Many of the schemes made money from big- game hunting at sustainable yield levels…this money was then fed back into the community. The economic collapse of Zimbabwe undermined the whole scheme. Loss of staff, lack of funding, poaching, hunger saw it collapse.

WALT To understand how the threats to ecosystems can be managed Success Criteria A – Examine the methods of management to the threats of ecosystems C – Describe and explain methods of management Demonstrate: Questions… Describe what sustainable yield means (5) Explain how the Southern Oceans and CAMPFIRE are examples of sustainable management. (10)