An account of the progression of human civilization from primitive, prehistoric man to a modern, interconnected global society. What makes the study of World History challenging? Themes of

1. Human history goes back thousands of years. 10,000 BC1000 BC476 AD1500 AD1700 AD1900 AD Development of Civilizations Classical EraDark Ages and Middle Ages European Renaissance Age of Colonization and Revolution Modern Age

2. Our world is vast.

There are 7 continents and 5 oceans North America Antarctica Europe Australia Africa Asia South America Atlantic Ocean Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere

Key Concepts Point of view: the perspective or opinions a creator brings to his or her work. Point of view is not necessarily a bad thing, but historians must be careful not to allow it to distort the value of the evidence that they use to form a hypothesis about the past.

Key Concepts Bias: a strong personal preference or prejudice If a historian allows his or her own personal bias to cloud the information then they could easily draw a false conclusion about the topic of their study.

Key Concepts Chronology: a sequence of events Placing events in sequence helps determine cause and effect and reveals patterns over time.

Chronology: Cause and Effect Domestication of plants and animals Farming Food Surplus Rise of Civilization Development of Governments Specialization Population Boom

Key Concepts Historians rely on perspectives of TIME and SPACE to organize information and make sense of history. Periodization The division of history into periods of time Spatial frames Different geographic perspectives that historians apply to world events

Periodization Historians often divide history into periods of time based on major turning points. Example: 1. ancient 2. medieval 3.modern * This example reflects turning points in Western civilization such as the fall of Rome, the Renaissance, and the Industrial Revolution.

Spatial Frames Historians can also study history by looking at specific geographic regions and comparing them. Example: 1. national 2. regional 3.global

Cultural Interaction Throughout history, people of different cultures have exchanged ideas and adopted new beliefs and customs. The spread of cultural influences is known as cultural diffusion. People have also rejected outside influences and come into conflict over new ideas. Examples: The growth and development of religions Formation and spread of other beliefs and philosophies Science and technology how they move across cultures Artistic influences in painting, music, architecture, literature and other arts Marco Polo in China

Political Structures World History has often been presented as a series of one ruler or government after another, but it is much more than that. That said, the way people have organized and governed themselves is a key element in the growth of civilization and says a great deal about human society. Examples: forms of government nature and growth of empires development of nations political revolts and revolutions regional or global organizations

Economic Structures Economic motives lie at the heart of many human activities, from the quest of food to the pursuit of wealth. This has driven people and societies to innovate and, explore, and expand, but it has also been the source of great conflict. Examples: birth of agriculture and expansion of trade how labor is organized and used the rise of industry the development of economic theories

Social Structures People originally formed social groups to meet their need for food, shelter, and security. Over time, these groups banded together to form societies, with their own rules and customs to govern behavior. Examples: gender roles and relations customs relating to family and kinship racial and ethnic differences division of society into social and economic classes

Human-Environment Interaction The fact that people have to operate within the limits of the natural world has helped shaped their actions, affecting how and where they live and how they support themselves. At the same time, human actions have changed the environment in many ways. Examples: disease population growth migration patterns of human settlement technology and its impact on man and the environment

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