Plagiarism Includes : Copying, stealing, illegal use, breach of copyright, etc.

Plagiarism Plagiarism in graphic design means the unauthorized use or close imitation of existing artwork and the representation of it as one’s own original work. From Ethics in Graphic Design

Student work—2 D Design

Possible Sources

Be careful of unintentional plagiarism If you are inspired by a photograph you may only use a small section, part or aspect of a photograph. This is a photograph that has been incorporated into an advertisement for Dior by a designer. It is clearly an idea created by someone. To use an entire design and to copy someone’s idea is plagiarism.

Process Work Be honest about process work and be sure the process work has some relationship to the design

It is plagiarism to use an artist’s work. It is important to recognize the difference between a photograph and a drawn, painted, or hand printed image.

You may trace a portion of an image to get an accurate representation of something for a school project. It is plagiarism to copy a photomontage which is clearly the creation of an artist or designer.

Be careful of what you TAKE from the Internet. I googled: “high contrast kiss”

Quote: Student: “ I drew this guy at the bus stop”. Me: “Did you take a photograph? ” Student, “Yes.”

Transforming a creation from one medium to another is still using another person’s idea.

Tracing an entire composition by a photographer is plagiarism. If you use resource material it is important that the final produce is not recognizable as coming from the original photograph or image. Photograph Design: Assignment Student Work

Barack Obama “Hope” poster The Barack Obama "Hope" poster was designed by artist Shepard Fairey. It was prominent during the 2008 presidential campaign. He created the design in a day, printed it as a poster and immediately sold 350 copies. Later it was more widely distributed and approved by the official Obama campaign. The image became a powerful symbol of Obama's message and lead to many variations and imitations. Fairey's mixed-media portrait version was acquired by the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery in Jan., Fairey based the poster on a photograph (2006) by Mannie Garcie. He claimed his poster was fair use and sued the Associated Press who was asking for compensation. They settled out of court in January Fairey pleaded guilty in 2012 to destroying and fabricating documents during the legal battle. Ultimately he pleaded guilty to criminal contempt and was sentenced to two years of probation 300 hours of community service and a fine of $25,000. Source: Wikipedia

Appropriation Appropriation refers to the direct taking over, into a work of art, of a real object or even an existing work of art. Appropriation in art raises questions of originality, authenticity and authorship. From Ethics in Graphic Design

Appropriation Appropriation in art is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them. Appropriation has played a significant role in the history of the arts. Definition: "the use of borrowed elements in the creation of a new work.” In visual art; to properly adopt, borrow, recycle or sample aspects (or the entire form) of visual culture. e.g the Readymades of Marcel Duchamp. The use of borrowed elements in the creation of a new work. The theoretical concept is that the new work recontextualises whatever it borrows thus creating a new work of art. Generally the original is clearly seen as the original; unchanged.

Readymades In the early twentieth century Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque appropriated objects from a non-art context into their work. In 1912, Picasso pasted a piece of oil cloth onto the canvas. Subsequent compositions, such as Guitar, Newspaper, Glass and Bottle (1913) in which Picasso used newspaper clippings to create forms, became categorized as synthetic cubism The two artists incorporated aspects of the "real world" into their canvases, opening up discussion of signification and artistic representation. Wikipedia

Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917 Marcel Duchamp introduced the concept of the ready-made, in which “industrially produced utilitarian objects…achieve the status of art merely through the process of selection and presentation.” 1913 He mounted a bicycle wheel on a stool He purchased snow shovel and inscribed it with: “in advance of the broken arm” In 1917, Duchamp used the pseudonym, R. Mutt to submit the readymade Fountain to the Exhibition of the Society of Independent Artists. It was a porcelain urinal on a pedestal. It was a bold challenge to traditional definitions of fine art and it was rejected. It questioned long held ideas of ownership, originality, plagiarism, meaning, etc. Duchamp said “whether Mr. Mutt with his own hands made the fountain or not has no importance. He CHOSE it. He took an ordinary article of life, placed it so that its useful significance disappeared under the new title and point of view-- and created a new thought for that object.” Wikipedia

Duchamp also had the gall to use existing art in his work. He appropriated a postcard of Leonardo da Vince’s Mona Lisa into his work, L.H.O.O.Q.

Robert Rauschenberg’s Combines In the 1950s Robert Rauschenberg used what he dubbed "combines", literally combining readymade objects such as tires or beds, painting, silk-screens, collage, and photography. Similarly, Jasper Johns, working at the same time as Rauschenberg, incorporated found objects into his work. Johns also appropriated symbolic images such as the American flag or the "target" symbol into his work.

Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg Jasper Johns, Three Flags Jasper Johns working at the same time as Rauschenberg, incorporated found objects into his work. Johns appropriated symbols such as the American flags and targets into his work. In the 1950s Robert Rauschenberg made "combines", He literally combined objects such as tires or beds, painting, collage, with photography. Robert Rauschenberg, Combine

Pop Art Artists Roy Lichtenstein and Claus Oldenburg, Andy Warhol borrowed images from commercial art and popular culture and used the techniques of industry. Pop Artists viewed popular culture as commonly shared by everyone regardless of socioeconomic status. They admired mass production, expendability and did not require the evidence of an artist's hand.

Pop Artists Appropriate Popular Culture Andy WarholRoy Lichtenstein

Warhol's famous Campbell's Soup Cans are generally held to be non-infringing, despite being clearly appropriated, because "the public was unlikely to see the painting as sponsored by the soup company or representing a competing product. Paintings and soup cans are not in themselves competing products", according to expert trademark lawyer JeromeGilson. [9]

Sherrie Levine and appropriation In the 1980s Sherrie Levine investigated the act of appropriating itself as a theme in art. Levine often quotes entire works in her own work, for example photographing photographs of Walker Evans. This act challenges ideas of originality and foregrounds the relationship between power, gender and creativity, consumerism and commodity value, and the social sources and uses of art.

Marcel Duchamp, FountainSherry Levine,

Sherry Levine, Appropriations Sherry LevineWalker Evans

Article on Plagiarism visual examples By Jacob Cass, Graphic Design Rip offs or Inspiration? Just Creative Illustration for Magazine and Myspace Ads L. Original design 008/02/20/graphic- design-plagiarism-rip- offs/

How to site original source of imagery Example of how to site web based imagery: Name of Artist if known. “Title of Image.” Title of Web Page. Web. 29 Apr URL. Example of how to site imagery from a book or other print source: Artist’s name if known. Title of artwork. Date of the artwork. Museum, collection or individual that it belongs to, the city where the owner is located (add this separately if the location is not included in the name of the owner). Title of book or periodical that the image is found in. Author of the book. Location of publisher: publisher, date. Statement of Use. From: Imagery Plagarism [sic] and Graphic Design April by Stefanie in Creative Insight