Do Now 1/22/15 Try to remember (without looking at anything or talking to anyone!): a. Who was your fifth grade teacher? b. What did you eat for lunch or dinner last Thursday? c. What is one of your friend’s phone numbers? d. What is the address of a previous house you lived in (or previous phone #)? e. What is one gift you have received when you were between the ages of 7-9?

By the end of class today, we will be able to Define and identify examples of sensory, short, and long term memory Define and identify examples of sensory, short, and long term memory

Part A. Short-term Memory You will see a series of letters for 3 seconds You will see a series of letters for 3 seconds When the time finishes, write down the letters you saw in Part A When the time finishes, write down the letters you saw in Part A NO WRITING WHILE THE IMAGE IS UP! NO WRITING WHILE THE IMAGE IS UP!

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Evaluation: Short-Term Memory Fill in how many letters you got correct: Fill in how many letters you got correct: Letters you remember# Correct UM TZLD KXCEJO AVCYISEH LBFQRPMAUX ZQECTBUMONRV

Part B: Short-Term Memory You will see 20 pictures for 20 seconds You will see 20 pictures for 20 seconds When the time finishes, write down the names of the pictures you saw in Part B When the time finishes, write down the names of the pictures you saw in Part B NO WRITING WHILE THE IMAGE IS UP! NO WRITING WHILE THE IMAGE IS UP!

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Write!

Free-Write Do you have trouble remembering things in school? Do you have trouble remembering things in school? What happens? What happens? What do you do? What do you do?

Memory Process by which information is: Process by which information is: – Acquired – Stored in the brain – Later retrieved (remembered) – Eventually (possibly) forgotten

Information-Processing Model of Memory Computer as a model for our memory Computer as a model for our memory Three types of memory Three types of memory – Sensory memory – Short-term memory (STM) – Long-term memory (LTM) Can hold vast quantities of information for many years Can hold vast quantities of information for many years

Information-Processing Model of Memory Short-term memory Stimulus Sensory memory Long-term memory Attention Encoding Retrieval Forgetting

Sensory Memory Stores all information from the 5 senses Stores all information from the 5 senses Lasts up to 3 seconds Lasts up to 3 seconds Ex: colors, tastes, sounds, etc. Sensory Input Sensory Memory

Short-term Memory Conscious processing of information Conscious processing of information You have to pay attention to it You have to pay attention to it Lasts about 20 seconds Lasts about 20 seconds Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention

Memorize the following list of numbers:

Write down the numbers in order.

Now, try again…

Short-term Memory Limited capacity Limited capacity – Can hold 7 ± 2 items for about 20 seconds CHUNKING CHUNKING – Dividing into meaningful units of information helps to remember more REPETITION REPETITION – Repeating the information to yourself helps it last longer

Long-term Memory Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention Long-term memory Retrieval Once information passes from sensory to short-term memory, it can be encoded into long-term memory Once information passes from sensory to short-term memory, it can be encoded into long-term memory Encoding

Long-term memory - Encoding Encoding: Putting things into long-term memory Encoding: Putting things into long-term memory -Things that are important -Things we REPEAT a lot -Things we connect to or find interesting -Things that elicit an emotion

Memory Networks Red Fire Cherry Roses Fire Engine Apples House Green Flowers Daisies Yellow Orange Truck Bus Ambulance Sunrise Sunsets Clouds

Retrieval Retrieval – the process of remembering a memory encoded in your long-term memory Retrieval – the process of remembering a memory encoded in your long-term memory Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention Long-term memory Retrieval Encoding

Forgetting If we remembered everything, we should on most occasions be as ill off as if we remembered nothing. William James

Forgetting Lack of encoding Lack of encoding – Often, we don’t even encode the features necessary to ‘remember’ an object/event Decay Decay – Memory traces erode with the passage of time Interference Interference – Possibly displaced by newer memories Repression Repression – Block by unconscious force

Are details encoded in long- term memory or have you forgotten them? You will see an image of something in your long-term memory You will see an image of something in your long-term memory Try to guess which image is the right one Try to guess which image is the right one

Involved in remembering personal experiences, such as a phone conversation you had yesterday or the movie you watched last week. Challenge: Do you remember the first Harry Potter movie? What was the story? How many details do you remember? Episodic Memory

Semantic Memory Manages the storage and retrieval of general knowledge of facts, such as the number of days in a year or the colors in a rainbow. Naming objects is also semantic memory. Semantic Memory Tasks 1. What do you call this thing? 2. Where do Kangaroos live?3. What actress played Bella in Twilight?

Procedural Memory Allows us to learn activities and skills that will then be performed automatically with little or no conscious thought. Examples are riding a bicycle or driving a car. Challenge: 1. Can you make a teacup with a length of string? 2. Do you know how to use a can opener?

Working Memory provides temporary storage and manipulation of the information necessary for such complex cognitive tasks as language comprehension, learning, and reasoning.