The Mole: The SI(metric) unit to measure the amount of a substance.

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Presentation transcript:

The Mole: The SI(metric) unit to measure the amount of a substance.

The Mole Scientists set out to develop a basic unit of measurement to convert from atoms to grams to make obtaining samples easier and more standard. Carbon-12 was used to set the standard, one mole C = the number of atoms of C in 12 grams of C-12. Experiments show that there are 6.02 x carbon atoms in 12 grams of Carbon x things is a “mole” of any thing!

Avogadro: scientist who determined the number of “things” in a mole. –Can be used to measure atoms, molecules, or formula units.

Conversion Factors: 1 mole = Avogadro’s number of anything else or 1 mole = 6.02 x atoms/molecules/Formula units 1 mole = molar mass (g)

Steps for conversions: 1 st choose which conversion factor you need. –1mol = molar mass (g) –1 mol = 6.02 x nd place the number in the problem over one, and apply conversion factor so units are diagonal. 3 rd multiply across the top & bottom, then divide the top by the bottom.

Practice How many moles are in g NaCl? How many atoms are in 74.2 moles MgO?

Practice: How many molecules are in 17.4 moles H 2 ? What is the mass of 42.3 moles of Ca 3 N 2 ?

2 step problems: How many grams are in 4.3 x formula units of AlCl 3 ? How many atoms are in 76.5 g FeO?