THE RISE OF UNIONS As business leaders consolidated their forces…it seemed necessary for workers to do the same. Workers joined together in unions to try and improve Their working conditions. Ybghttp:// Ybg Child LAbor

Worker Complaints 1.LONG HOURS: 12 hour days…6 days a week sometimes even seven no sick days no no personal days vacation days

2.LOW WAGES: Yearly wages in 1882 WomenMenChildren

1800's - Cost of living in the 1800's - One bag of flour $ Small measure of potatoes daily at.17 per day = $ One quarter pound of tea.38 - One quart of milk.56 - One pound of cheap coffee.35 - Three and one half pounds Sugar $ One half ration of meats per week $ Four pounds of butter $ Two pounds of lard.38 - Dried apples for treats.25 - Vegetables.50 - Soap, starch, pepper, salt, vinegar, etc. $ bushels of coal $ Kerosene.30 - Sundries.28 - Rent $4.00 week = Total $18.50 Wages in the 1800s The average wage earner only made $16.00 a week. Some trades only made two, three, four, or six dollars a week. The family above spent $2.50 more a week than the father made, and had nothing left for entertainment or clothing.

3. Loss of Identity workers became more of a number to their bosses than a person Lack of relationships

4. Unsafe Working Conditions DIRTY POORLY VENTILATED DANGEROUS IN 1882__________WERE KILLED IN WORK RELATED IJURIES FAULTY MACHINES

5. CHILD LABOR CHILDREN AS YOUNG AS 5 YEARS OLD WERE FORCED TO GO TO WORK… WHY???

Child labor was an accepted practice. Most children began work at age seven or eight. Nimble-fingered, small, and quick, they crept into machines to change spools or repair thread. They worked in dust- and lint-filled rooms. Children in mines worked in the dark and dampness for long hours, often doing hard labor.

Political Cartoons

vs

One in six children 5 to 14 years old — about 16 percent of all children in this age group — is involved in child labor in developing countries. In the least developed countries, 30 percent of all children are engaged in child labor. Worldwide, 126 million children work in hazardous conditions, often enduring beatings, humiliation and sexual violence by their employers. An estimated 1.2 million children — both boys and girls — are trafficked each year into exploitative work in agriculture, mining, factories, armed conflict or commercial sex work. The highest proportion of child laborers is in sub-Saharan Africa, where 26 percent of children (49 million) are involved in work. Qr0

With the dramatic rise in offshoring in recent years, there remains a "dirty little secret" - child labor is still commonplace in many developing countries and particular industy sectors. The graphic below was taken from a recent Forbes magazine cover story on this issue. Many of the "low cost" countries still use very high percentages of child labor, according to a number of sources. "Every time you buy an imported handmade carpet, an embroidered pair of jeans, a beaded purse, a decorated box or a soccer ball there's a good chance you're acquiring something fashioned by a child," the Forbes piece says.

Should Western companies impose their views of appropriate child labor practices on other economies, especially for farming and family businesses? That's a trickier question than some might admit. Nonetheless, this issue is likely to get greater attention in the next few years. Agree or disagree? What is your perspective? Let us know your thoughts at the Feedback button below. ?????????

These worker complaints led to the formation of unions…mission was to improve the conditions of the workers. Two popular methods were: 1.

2.

1LFUhttp:// 1LFU Before and after unions (not very good)

GROWTH OF CITIES…What led to this massive migration of people from farm to cities?????

PROBLEM  Water Lack of indoor plumbing Unsafe drinking water Inadequate piping SOLUTION Filtration and chloration Created indoor plumbing Created public works (utilities)

PROBLEM SOLUTION  SANITATION No trash collection system (waste lines unpaved streets) Sewers, gutters, ponds, street filled with decaying matter Disease  Created sewer lines  Sanitation Departments created  Improvements in medicine

TENEMENTS PROBLEM SOLUTION  HOUSING  Overcrowded  Unsanitary  Unsafe  Laws were passed to set minimum standards fYhttp:// fY Jabob Riis _0http:// _0 Tenement speaker