Potential Pressures NationalRegionalNo.Environmental Pressures 2891Land clearing for slash and burn agriculture 422Land clearing for low-input large scale agriculture 13Increasing herd size, resulting in overgrazing 2864Deforestation for fuelwood and charcoal production 1065Deforestation for mining, particularly ASGM 16Overharvesting of bush-meat 7Overharvesting of freshwater Fish 28Overharvesting of marine fish 639Overharvesting of timber and non-timber forest products) 8110Encroachment of protected areas 11Overuse of surface and groundwater systems (rivers and aquifers), 6312Climate change induced variability (temperature, wind and rainfall) 213Invasive alien species 14Poaching and illegal wildlife trade -IWT (species and parts) 315Increased air pollution including POPS and Hg from heavy industrial sources 4216 Increased consumption of chemicals and subsequent poor disposal that can lead to the introduction of endocrine disruptors, waste pharmaceuticals, and micro plastics into the environment Poor waste management practices and non-availability of alternative materials that leads to the emission of POPs and the potential for increased marine debris 2318High concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere due to overreliance on fossil fuels. 4419Coastal and marine habitat degradation 20Eutrophication of marine waters

Specific biomes TotalNo.BIOMES 201 Tropical moist and rain lowland forests. 152 Tropical moist and rain montane forests 63 Tropical dry (deciduous) broadleaf forests 114 Tropical grasslands (and savannas) 65 Tropical flooded grasslands (and savannas) 06 Tropical shrub-lands 17 Tropical montane grasslands (and savannas) 108 Tropical marshes and wetlands 19 Tropical tidal forests 3110 Mangroves 011 Corals 412 Subtropical moist and rain lowland forests 013 Subtropical moist and rain montane forests 114Subtropical dry (deciduous) broadleaf forests 215Subtropical grasslands (and savannas) 016Subtropical flooded grasslands (and savannas) 017Subtropical shrub-lands 018Subtropical montane grasslands 119Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests 020Temperate needle-leaf (coniferous) forests 021Boreal forests/ Taiga 022Temperate grasslands (steppe and desert grasslands) 023Temperate flooded grasslands (and savannas) 024Temperate shrub-lands 025 Temperate Montane grasslands (steppes and Alpine vegetation) 226Temperate marshes and wetlands 027Tundra 028Mediterranean forests 029Mediterranean Woodlands 030Mediterranean scrub 231Deserts (Temperate zone) 132Xeric scrublands (spiny thickets) 233Fresh water lakes 134Fresh Water Rivers 1735Marine and coastal ecosystem (including estuaries) 1436Urban and peri-urban ecosystems 137Other: upper sources of great rivers 338Other: forested savanna

Environmental Solutions NationalRegionalNo.Potential Solutions 2181The creation and effective management of protected Areas 002Prevention, control and management of Invasive Alien Species 513Enforcement of law towards protecting threatened species 1964Climate Smart Agriculture to address degradation in agricultural and rangeland systems 17115Promote forest and landscape restoration to address forest loss and degradation 026Sustainable use of plant and animal genetic resources 707Integrating biodiversity into the productive sectors (i.e. forestry, fisheries, mining, etc.) 1048 Integrating Biodiversity and ecosystem services into development and finance planning (Including Natural Capital Accounting) 009Sustainable Management of Surface & Groundwater systems (freshwater) 1010Rebuilding Marine Fisheries 5211Restore and Protect Coastal Habitats 2412Reduce transboundary pollution of Coasts and Large Marine Ecosystems 3313 Develop the enabling conditions, tools and environment for the sound management of harmful chemicals and wastes 4214 Reduce the prevalence of harmful chemicals and waste and support the implementation of clean alternative technologies/substances. 4415Utilization of renewable energy 3516Development of efficient energy technologies in key sector (industry, commercial, transport and residential) 1117Promote integrated low-carbon urban systems 3118Promote transfer and development of low-carbon technologies 1019 Promote innovative business models, financing and policy mechanism to support low-carbon technologies at scale

Programming Modalities TotalGEF programming modalities 45Integrated Approach Programs (i.e. Food Security, Commodities) 16 Programmatic Approaches using PFD and Child Projects (i.e. Illegal Wildlife Trade) 28Regional Multifocal Area Projects 40National Multifocal Area Projects 10Single Focal Area Projects 5Global projects 1 Other: Regional project in the same ecosystem as forest sustainable management West Africa 1Other: Sustainable Waste Management 1Other: Successive projects to address issues 1 Other: Income Generating Activities are essential points we have to insist to address Global Environment Benefits.

Coastal West Africa Trends GEF ECW 2016

Biomes

Environmental Pressures

Solutions

Programming Modality