The Persian Wars

A New Kind of Army Emerges  Change from bronze to iron armor and weapons  Lighter and Cheaper because it is more common  Hoplites - Foot soldiers  Very well trained  Phalanx - Formation when soldiers stand side by side and hold a spear in one hand and a shield in the other.

Greece vs. Persia  Greek city-states very independent  Constantly fought with one another  Not very wealthy  Persians exceptionally well-trained professional soldiers

Score of 00 to 00 shows the games have not yet started, representing that the expansion of the Persian Empire took place prior to the wars between Persia and the Greek city-states. The coach represents the strong Persian King Darius, who unified the Persian Empire. The Greeks do not have a coach because the Greek city-states did not have a single leader. Team of short, thin players randomly positioned around the court represents the small, weak, and disunity of the Greek city-states. Quarreling “G” players with frowns represent frequent disputes among the Greek city- states “G”players’ bare feet represent the Greek city-states' lack of wealth & resources Event A: The Expansion of the Persian Empire “P” players’ new athletic shoes represents the wealth of the Persian Empire. Team of tall, muscular players holding hands in a straight line represents the large, strong, and unified Persian Empire.

The Ionian Revolt  Greeks settled in Ionia, on coast of Anatolia  Persians conquer area, Greeks revolt  Sparta hated Ionia and refused to help  Athens send support, but wasn’t enough, rebellion smashed  King of Persians, Darius the Great, vows to destroy Athens in revenge

B: The Ionian Revolt The score of 90 to 45 represents that the unified Persians crushed the Ionian revolt The “G” player throwing the ball to the other “G” player represents Athens assisting Ionia against Persia. The disinterested players represent Greek city-states who either did not help Ionia or surrendered to the Persians Persia. The “’G’’ player walking away from the game represents Sparta refusing to help Ionia. The “’G’’ player attempting to score by himself against the ‘’P’’ team represents Ionia’s attempt to challenge the Persian rule The “’P’’ coach’s scowl represents Darius anger with that Athenians for assisting the Ionians Get these Athenians!!!

The Battle of Marathon  Greece has a new military leader named Militades  Spartans still would not help  25,000 Persians fight 10,000 Greeks, but the Phalanx is no match for Persians  6,000 Persian casualties  200 Greek casualties  Persians lose the battle badly  Persians board ships and head straight for Athens

The strongest “P” players outside the court represent the Persian commander’s decision to put his cavalry on ships before the Battle Of Marathon. The score 88 to 48 represents the Greek defeat of the Persians “G” player scoring easily represents strength of the Greek infantry against the Persian army, which has been weakened without its cavalry. Event C:The Battle of Marathon ‘’G’’ coach represents Miltiades, the general who lead the Athenian army to Marathon ‘’G’’ standing to the side represents Spartans who delayed sending troops to help the Athenians

Marathon (running)  Pheidippides  Told to run 26 miles back to Athens to warn them not to give up the city without a fight since it was almost defenseless  Tells them and dies when he gets there  Greek army not far behind him  When Persians get there, they see heavil defended city and retreat

Thermopylae  Darius’ son Xerxes decides to come back and fight 10 years later  Greece is badly divided and still not all will help defend  Runs into 7,000 (300) Spartans Greeks at a narrow mountain pass, Thermopylae  Underestimates Greek fighting ability and Greeks hold out for 3 days  A traitor informs Xerxes about a secret passage through the mountains  Greeks need to retreat, Spartans sacrifice themselves for the rest to escape, all die

Event D:The Battle of Thermopylae New players on the ‘’P’’ side represent Xerxes’ large army. The score of 68 to 50, a lower scoring victory, represents the losses the Persians suffered while defeating the Greeks. ‘’G’’ player who ran into a ‘’P’’ player and fell at the ground near the basket represents the Spartan army, which was slaughtered trying to defend Greece on its own. ‘’G’’ players who are not helping their team represents Greek city- states who did not fight against the Persian forces and surrendered to them The new ‘’ P’’ coach side represents Xerxes, the new Persian king, who is said to have been impatient

Salamis  Greeks go back to defend Athens, Themistocles convinces them to evacuate the city and fight at sea  Set up at narrow channel near the island of Salamis where they become entangled  Watch Xerxes burn Athens and the put out to sea to destroy them  Greek ships  Equipped with battering rams  Very maneuverable  Punches holes in the Persian ships  Over 1/3 of fleet sinks

Event E: The Battle of Salamis The clipboard the “G” coach is holding represents Themistocles’ plan for luring the Persians into the narrow channel. “G” players scoring easily represents how the Greeks united and used a trap to defeat the Persians. The “P” players that that have become entangled while chasing “G” players represent how the Persian ships became entangled in the channel. The Score of 100 to 65 represents the decisive Greek victory over Persia. The injured “P” players represent Persian losses in battle. The “P” coach walking away represents Xerxes leaving his army behind after Salamis

Plataea and the Delian League  Persians mount one more offensive at Plataea  Persians were crushed  Never went on the offensive again  The Greeks form an alliance called the Delian League.  Were able to drive the Persians far away from Greece  Never had to worry about Persian attacks again

Athens takes League  Victory over Persians creates sense of confidence and freedom  Athens really takes the glory, uses it to control all of the other city-states, 200 after all is said and done  Moved headquarters from Delos to Athens  Threatened to whoop anyone who disagreed with them  For the most part, everything was under control of the Athenian empire  Set the stage for Athens to enter its golden age.