By ARKA DUTTA ECE HERITAGE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KOLKATA

Moore's law : describes that the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit has doubled approximately every two years. Nanotech Devices: Invented to solve the problem of downsizing NEED AND PROBLEMS: PPower consumption challenges hhigh performance and high density chip design FFaster and more information processing resulting in generating more heat flux SOLUTION: Reduce the corresponding charge per bit!! THUS Single-electron Device!!! WHY NANOTECH DEVICES ?

Single-electron transistor (SET)  Architecture  Equivalent circuit gate CgCg VgVg VbVb Source Drain Tunnel junctions island C1C1 C2C2 +q1-q1 +q2-q2 q V2V2 V1V1

Operation principle Coulomb blockade Quantum mechanical Single electron tunneling 0 < V < Vmin Vmin< V < 2Vmin single-electron tunneling I = Imin 2Vmin< V < 3Vmin The event of double single-electron tunneling I = 2Imin

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