Ch. 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene 10.6 – 10.8 The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to Protein.

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Ch. 10 Molecular Biology of the Gene 10.6 – 10.8 The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to Protein

The 2 steps for protein synthesis Follow the Flow of Instructions: DNA in the nucleus Transcription to RNA leaves the nucleus Translation to Protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Transcription is: The transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule Translation is: The transformation of the information in the RNA into a protein.

1799 in Rosetta, Egypt, the Rosetta Stone was found, deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics to Egyptian script to Greek. How is this like our study of genetics? DNA transcribed to RNA translated to a polypeptide.

SO, how does this occur? Transcription and translation are linguistic terms, so….. nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and polypeptides (chain of amino acids linked by peptide bond) Have their own language! What is their language? A, T, G, C in DNA and A, U, G, C in RNA

One gene can contain hundreds or thousands of nucleotides, and one molecule of DNA may contain thousands of gene. Nucleotide bases on the RNA are complementary to those on the DNA strand. How? DNA was a template.

What is the strand in the middle? RNA Is this transcription or translation? Transcription

The purple polypeptide chain is the result of translation. How? The language of the sequence of nucleotides in RNA (Codons) dictate the sequence of amino acids of the polypeptide.

Triplets of bases are the “smallest” words that specify amino acids. They’re called… Codons 3 base codons in DNA are transcribed into complementary RNA codon, then translated into amino acids that form a polypeptide chain.

Codons such as AUG not only signal start of a chain but, code an amino acid. Do all have double duty? UAG, UGA, UAA do not code an amino acid, but they do signal stop.

There are 4 bases and 3 nucleotides per codon, so Calculate the total number of codons. 64 or 4 3 Compare this to the total number of amino acids 20