Cells and Batteries. Learning Objectives  To identify different types of cells  To describe the characteristics of each type of cell  To describe the.

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Presentation transcript:

Cells and Batteries

Learning Objectives  To identify different types of cells  To describe the characteristics of each type of cell  To describe the advantages and disadvantages of each type of cell  To describe how a fuel cell works and how it can be useful for microgeneration

Primary Cells

 Primary cells are single use, non- renewable cells  They are available in a number of sizes and capacities as well as different chemistries  The most popular primary cell is the AA battery.

Types of primary cell

 These include zinc-carbon, alkaline, zinc-air, mercury and Leclanche cells.  Each of these cells uses slightly different chemistry to produce electricity from the chemical reaction within it.

Zinc Chloride Cell Alkaline Cell

Characteristics of cells

 Primary cells generally operate at 1.5v with a variety of capacities from 500mah to 3000mah  They tend to deliver power at gradually decreasing rate so they gradually wear out rather than suddenly fail.  However they are able to store large amounts of energy over long periods of time with low levels of self discharge ensuring a good shelf life

Secondary cells

 Secondary cells differ from primary cells in that they are reuseable.  Once the reaction has been exhausted in a secondary cell, an electrical current can be used to re-energise the cell and reverse the electrochemical reaction  They are available in similar sizes to primary cells and can be used as direct replacements for primary cells in most cases

 There are several different types of chemistry found in secoondary cells. The main types are Nickel-Cadnium, Nickel metal-hydride, Lead Acid and Lithium polymer

Nickel Cadnium Ni-MH cell Lithium Polymer

 The main advantage of secondary cells is that they are able to be reused many times unlike primary cells  However, they do not deliver the same voltage as primary cells (1.2v vs. 1.5v), Ni- Cd cells are subject to memory effect, Ni- MH cells are susceptible to high charge rates, they have higher self discharge rates that lead to short shelf lifes although their energy density can be much higher

Fuel Cells

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