Presentation by Ruchelle Roach Research Assistant, NCSA 2 December, 2009

Defining the Target Group (1) All tertiary (post-secondary) institutions, including Sixth Forms Nine Institutions identified including: Sixth Form Schools Barbados Community College University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus Samual Jackman Prescott Polytechnic Erdiston Teacher Training College BIMAP

Defining the Target Group (2) Total estimated population of 11,618 tertiary students Interim target sample size of 1,000 (confidence interval of 3%) Following receipt of actual enrolment figures, final target of 1,246 to enable higher level statistical analysis Two (2) institutions declined to participate Target sample size revised to 1, usable responses received (confidence interval of 3%) Represents an 81% response rate

Respondent Characteristics Demographics 56.6% Female, 43.4% Male Average age of 23 years (22 for females; 23 for males) 60.6% were full-time students 88.8% on-campus instruction

Drug Use Patterns: Legal Drugs No UsePrevalence (some use) Prevalence (at least once per month) Age of First Use Low Alcohol (beer, stoute, etc.) 29.4%70.60% 18.60% 14 Medium Alcohol (wine, liqueurs, etc) 34.9%65.10% 14.70% 15 High Alcohol (rum, vodka, brandy, etc) 45.9%54.10% 14.40% 16 Cigarettes87.2%12.80% 3.30% 15 Pain killers (aspirin, Tylenol, ibuprophen etc.) 24.1%75.90% 22.80% 12 Prescribed drugs (sleeping pills, antidepress.) 65.7%34.30% 4.50% 13 Inhalants (glue, paint etc.) 92.4%7.60% 1.60% 10

Drug Use Patterns: Legal Drugs HomeOn CampusCommunityFriend's House Sporting Events Social Events Low Alcohol33.3%1.1%6.1%4.6%2.9%52.0% Medium Alcohol 37.5%.7%4.7%2.4%1.3%53.5% High Alcohol24.7%1.3%7.2%2.7%2.3%61.8% Cigarettes40.3%8.4%14.3%8.4%1.7%26.9% Pain killers98.1%1.2%.2%-.5%- Prescribed drugs 97.6%1.7%-.3% -

Drug Use Patterns: Illegal Drugs and Fanta No UsePrevalence (some use) Prevalence (at least once per month) Age of First Use Frequency of use of Marijuana 77.0%23.00% 6.30% 15 Frequency of use of Cocaine- powder 99.5%0.50% 0.40% na Frequency of use of Cocaine- crack 99.5%0.50% 0.10% na Frequency of use of Heroin 99.5%0.50% 0.20% na Frequency of use of Ecstacy 98.9%1.10% 0.10% na Frequency of use of Fanta** 90.8%9.20% 3.30% 13

Drug Use Patterns: Illegal Drugs and Fanta HomeOn CampusCommunityFriend's House Sporting Events Social Events Marijuana29.7%6.4%25.7%18.8%2.5%16.8% Fanta33.3%5.8%40.6%14.5%1.4%4.3%

Sexual Activity Patterns 60.6% had engaged in sexual activity First sexual activity at 16 years of age 1.7 sexual partners in last month Males- 3.4 sexual partners in last year Females- 1.4 sexual partners in last year Current sexual activity confined to one (1) partner- 78.6% Current sexual partner age- 16 to 25 years (63.2%)

Sexual Activity Patterns: Safe Sex Practices Use of Condom: Sometimes- 49.1% Never- 13.7% Always- 37.2% Frequency of Unprotected Sex: Occasionally- 41.9% Never- 30.9% Most of the Time- 19.5% Preference of Condom Use: Like using condom- 28.2% Sometimes like using a condom- 28.8% Only 5.9% of respondents had contracted an STI

Rating of Importance of Condom Use Extremely Important Very ImportantImportantNot Very Important Not Important How important is using a condom to avoid pregnancy? 66.6%14.4%11.1%2.7%5.2% How important is using a condom to avoid STIs? 88.2%8.7%2.6%.2%.4% How important is using a condom to avoid HIV? 92.1%5.7%1.6%-.6% How important is using a condom to enjoy sex? 20.6%5.5%9.3%19.5%45.1% Respondents feel constrained in their sexual pleasure by the use of a condom, however they recognise the importance of its use

Sexual Behaviour Traits and Views YesNoNo Response Have you ever had sex at school/campus?14.8%81.0%4.3% Do you always insist that your partner wear a condom?28.6%55.5%15.9% Have you ever been refused sex because no condom was available?40.2%48.0%11.8% Have you ever insisted that your partner wear a condom?57.3%30.9%11.8% Have you ever had sex without using a condom because your partner did not want to use one? 34.0%59.2%6.9% Is it solely the male's responsibility to provide a condom?12.9%83.7%3.4% Is it solely the female's responsibility to provide a condom?6.9%89.1%3.9% Is it the responsibility of both partners to ensure a condom is used during sex? 92.1%4.8%3.1%

Drug Use and Risky Sexual Behaviour: Type of Drug Respondent had sex under the influence of…YesNoNumber of Responses Either a legal or illegal drug22.1%77.9 % 551 Low Alcohol87.2%12.8 % 94 Medium Alcohol83.1%16.9 % 59 High Alcohol86.8%13.2 % 76 Pain killers75.0%25.0 % 32 Prescribed drugs42.9%57.1 % 14 Marijuana85.7%14.3 % 63 Fanta60.0%40.0 % 20

Campus Influences: Use of Marijuana and Fanta Type of CampusNever Used MarijuanaHave Used Marijuana Closed Campus86.9%13.1% Open Campus75.5%24.5% Average77.0%23.0% Type of CampusNever Used FantaHave Used Fanta Closed Campus95.3%4.7% Open Campus89.9%10.1% Average90.6%9.4%

Campus Influences: Sexual Activity Type of CampusNever Had SexHave Had Sex Closed Campus67.9%32.1% Open Campus29.0%71.0% Average34.1%65.9% Time on CampusNever Had Sex on CampusHad Sex on Campus 5 hours or less per week88.4%11.6% 6 hours or more per week78.2%21.8% Average84.7%15.3%

Main Difference Related to Sex (1) Continuous VariableMale AverageFemale AverageTest Statistic (t-test) Age of first sexual experience 15.2 years16.9 year-5.2 Number of sexual partners in last 30 days Average age of sexual partners 23 years28 years-4.9 All Statistics Significant at the 5% level Average age of males- 23 years Average age of females- 22 years

Main Differences Related to Sex (2) Categorical VariableMale AverageFemale Average Current sexual activity confined to ONE partner72.4%95.0% Had sex on campus26.4%7.0% Always insisting on using a condom during sex22.4%39.8% Refused by partner to have sex because no condom available55.7%37.7% Partner used legal or illegal drugs29.6%56.6% Used Low Alcohol77.9%65.2% Used Medium Alcohol69.9%61.6% Used High Alcohol63.3%47.0% Used Cigarettes17.4%9.3% Used Marijuana30.1%17.7% Had unprotected sex at some point64.3%72.7%

Summation (1) Prevalence rates on average below 20% for legal drugs Regular marijuana use approximately 6% High degree of importance placed on condom use to protect against HIV/AIDS, and STIs 15.9% indicating that they have had sex while drunk, and 10% indicating that they had sex under the influence of illegal drugs, mainly marijuana Marijuana and fanta use was less prevalent among Closed Campus respondents Less Closed Campus respondents had ever had sex Males more promiscious with significantly more partners in last 30 days

Summation (2): Females Indirectly Vulnerable… “Overall the results indicate that females were more likely to insist on condom use, and used less legal and illegal drugs. However, the results paradoxically revealed that they were more likely to have unprotected sex than males, as well as more likely to have a partner that used legal or illegal drugs, putting them in a position of vulnerability from risky sexual behaviour, without the related direct drug use. Indeed, 31.8% of female respondents had admitted that they have had sex without a condom because their partner did not want to use one.”