Colonization Chapters 2 & 3 Growth of the American Colonies

Mercantilism Country should try to get and keep as much gold and silver (bullion) as possible=wealth & power!!

So, now what? get by on trade Balance of Trade (difference in value between imports and exports) Colonies harvest raw materials Right to make goods for sale=mother country Colonies not allowed to sell to other countries Mother country controls trade & provides max profit for parent country

Which economic system is shown in this diagram? Colonizing Country Colony 1.Socialism3. Laissez-faire capitalism 2.Manorialism 4. Mercantilism Manufactured Goods Raw Materials

Navigation Act, 1660 Tightened control over colonial trade Sell only to England: sugar, tobacco, cotton To sell to other parts of world: pay duty (tax) to England Use only English ships for trade Charles II

Discourage trade –Raise costs –Funnels profits to England Conflicts between European Countries –Trade routes –Territory

Colonial Policy in Early 1700’s

Salutary Neglect Long tradition of local government & weak central power Lacked resources Authority of king and parliament recognized Existing economic & political situation suited England Rarely enforced its trade regulations

Diverse Colonial Economies

New England Colonies Colonies included: Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire Small towns & farms depending on: trade: “carrying trade,” fishing, lumber, shipbuilding, and manufacturing Triangular Trade

Came over from England on the Mayflower and landed in Massachusetts Formed the Mayflower Compact Foundation of America’s Direct Democracy (Athenian Democracy) Political Characteristics

Settled by the Puritans Covenant Community Hard Working Seeking religious freedom from the Church of England – Anglican Church. Did not tolerate those who were non-believers Rhode Island was formed by those who would not follow the Puritan ways. Social Characteristics

Colonies included: Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia Large Plantations – Cash Crops Constant demand for: tobacco, rice, indigo Southern Colonies

Appalachian Foothills – relied on farming, hunting, and trading Large amounts of land & labor slaves brought to Jamestown to work the tobacco fields as well as the indentured servants

Remains a colony and loyal to England House of Burgesses – becomes known as General Assembly of Virginia Then there were the Cavaliers who came over from England to get away from Cromwell’s rule and develop their own lands using indentured servants and slaves Political Characteristics

Social Characteristics Family status and land ownership was important Colonist remained loyal to the Church of England Further inland were the Scotch-Irish and English descent

Colonies included: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware Relied on trading, ship building, farming & commerce: wheat, barley, rye Philadelphia: key port Middle Colonies

The people were heavily influenced by the ideas of Democracy which had a large emphasis on the rights of men. Political Characteristics

Social Characteristics Mix of religious beliefs PA – Quakers NY – Huguenots NJ – Presbyterians Del – Lutheran and Quakers Middle colonies were the first to develop a middle class which included artisans, entrepreneurs, and farmers

African Americans in the Colonies

Background 1 out of 5 of African descent Depended on where they live Slaves in VA most likely to be born in North America In VA & MD blended customs & more European American interaction In VA & MD encouraged to raise families

Middle Passage One leg of the triangular trade 10-40% died Chains, heat, disease, lack of sanitation Mutinies Separate families

Westward Expansion

Colonies success came at a high price: Swelling population sought own opportunities Population doubled every 25 years

Overcrowding Fear of land shortage = unable to secure independence by owning land

Problems Increase tension with French settlers –Reinforce Detroit, seize Ohio Valley

Increase tension with Native Americans –Increase of contact –Forced to move into other NA’s land –South: stronghold for Cherokees, Creeks, Chickasaws, Choctaws –Disease and war over trade –Play on French v. English rivalry

English and Spanish had a poor relationship with the American Indian due to: - diseases - taking their lands - turning them into slaves Canadian French had better relationships with the Indians.

Great Awakening

Background Early 1700’s feeling of falling from Puritan faith 1730’s & 1740’s Series of Revivals Why? –Renew religious enthusiasm & commitment Touched women & young men Not a single event Not begin/end at once Not every colony

Jonathan Edwards Explosion of religious feeling in 1730’s Success = energize followers “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

Results Energized people to speak for themselves Rely less on authority of ministers & books Itinerant (traveling) ministers Any Christian could have a personal relationship with Jesus Shift of NE to Baptist faith Growth of Baptists and Methodists

Long term effects Implication of some better than others Break up of churches