Socialization b Process by which humans become participating members of society b 1. The transmission of cultural values, attitudes, and norms b 2. The development of personality

Attitude b A predisposition to act, think, feel in relation to a given value

Socialization via Sport Socialization into Sport

Socialization b Socialization via sport- Learning Values b Dominant American Sport Creed (Edwards) b 1. Character Building b 2. Discipline b 3. Competition b 4. Physical and Mental Fitness b 5. Religion b 6. Nationalism

Social “Target”: How do we teach? b Cooperation b Sportsmanship b Competition

Physical Education Teacher Education: Domains b Physical b Cognitive b Affective b Social Behavior Scales: b Blanchard: b Popular with classmates b Seeks responsibility in the class b Loyal to group

Carr Attitude Scale ( purpose- determine attitudes of girls- pe) b Being a leader is a fine responsibility b Playing games with a group is more fun than playing alone b I like games that have lots of vigorous activity in them.

Socialization b Socialization into sport- Acquire and perform roles (Social Learning Theory: Bandura’s work) b Agents of Socialization b 1. Family b 2. School b 3. Peer Groups b 4. Mass media

Model of Socialization (Hess) b Neophyte (new to group) b Process (role modeling, rewards) b Normative Attitudes/ Values (competition, respect for the rules, achievement) b Conformity b System sustaining behavior ( peer agents) b Agencies/ Institution b Socializing agents

Bandura: Social Learning Theory b Vicarious learning facilitates learning in individuals as they observe other persons performing b Stimulus properties of a model (age, gender, status) will influence imitative behavior b The more complex the skill, the poorer the degree of imitation b Reinforcement is important

Merton’s Theory of Social Deviance b Adaptation Mode b 1. Conformity b 2. Innovation b 3. Ritualism b 4. Retreatism b 5. Rebellion b Goals Means b + + b + - b - + b - - b +/- +/-

Morality Play: College Athletes are Ethically Impaired. b Can Morals be taught? b What is Character? b Sharon Stoll ( U. of Idaho) Moral Development class b States: athletes are worst at moral thinking: b Opponents viewed as obstacles, development sense of entitlement.

Theory and Practice of Gamesmanship :1949 b What is gamesmanship? “ b The Art of Winning Games Without Actually Cheating” b Clothesmanship b When t o Give Advice

Sport Behavior of Youth, Parents, Coaches b University of Notre Dame ( 2005): b Survey by 803 athletes from 9 to 15, 189 parents, 61 youth sport coaches b one in ten acknowledge cheating b 13 percent tried to injure an opponent b 13 percent argued with an official b 13 percent made fun of a less skilled teammate b 27 percent admitted to acting like a “bad sport”

Coach and Student-Athletes as Moral Agents ?

WVU Survey (2007 Bowl Game) Is winning everything?