WHAT IS CULTURE CULTURAL COMPONENTS ag

THE GENERAL FEATURES OF CULTURE Is learned through socialization and watching other people Is acquired and shown unconsciously Parts may change over time but deeply-rooted values and traditions resist change Is shared by all members of the group Every culture works, despite how Stanger it may look to outsiders As cultures age, they become more complicated with more rules Culture is spread from one person to another; generation to generation Aspects of culture are interrelated A culture can believe it is superior to all others Some aspects of culture are hidden Some aspects of culture are restrcitive

WHAT IS CULTURE Culture can be defined as A learned pattern of values and behaviours that everyone in the group shares These patterns and behaviours are passed on to new members by a process known as socialization Each culture creates it’s own guidelines for governing its members Culture includes both material and non material components

WHAT IS CULTURE Material components Things created by human beings such as buildings, automobiles, technology Non material components Behaviours, values and attitudes shared by groups of people

WHAT IS CULTURE dating housing celebrations religion laws names fashions government medicine family education language GUIDELINES

WAYS CULTURES DISTINGUISH THEMSELVES Cultures distinguish themselves by using different symbols Some symbols are used worldwide

WAYS CULTURES DISTINGUISH THEMSELVES Most cultures have slang terms particular to that group h?v=xUAn1iwCzZ4 h?v=xUAn1iwCzZ4 Often slang expressions develop within a society’s subcultures Slang can be used to keep people out of a particular group h?v=1dTuu1yjrIc h?v=1dTuu1yjrIc h?v=vIsfjS5KLCE h?v=vIsfjS5KLCE

TRAITS, COMPLEXES, PATTERNS Cultural traits The smallest unit of a culture Any individual tool, act or belief Cultural complexes forms when several interrelated cultural traits are joined together The game of hockey requires both material traits like skates and pucks but also acts like passing and body checking It has beliefs about fair and unfair called penalties

TRAITS, COMPLEXES, PATTERNS w8dTF2E w8dTF2E Cultural Patterns The combination of a number of interrelated cultural complexes There are cultural patterns in most aspects such as sports, religion, family life, business In the cultural pattern of education it involves Kindergarten Elementary school Junior high/middle school High school Post secondary K PS

CULTURAL VARIATIONS the things that are important to culture values vary from culture to culture The differences in these values is called cultural variation Causes of cultural variation in include Geography Different climates cause people to meet their needs in different methods Isolation Cultures that are isolated have less opportunity to share ideas, inventions or practices with other cultures Inventions Cultures with access to modern inventions and technology meet their needsi n different ways

SUB CULTURES Subculture Is a group within a larger complex culture who have interests that vary from those in the mainstream culture They reject some but not usually all of the values and practices of a the larger society They may have their own style of dress, beliefs, customs and celebrations not shared by the larger group h?v=jRJ7pmif9Dc h?v=jRJ7pmif9Dc

CULTURAL UNIVERSALS AND ALTERNATIVES Cultural Universals Common features found in all cultures George Murdock in the 1940s created list including feasting toolmaking adorning the body forms of greeting dancing housing gift giving handling the deceased Cultural Alternatives Choices that an individual can make that allow one to meet the requirements of a cultural universal

CULTURAL CHANGE Cultural Change happens for a number of reasons  Cultures adapt to change, ex: one child policy in China  All cultures combine a variety of attitudes, values, behaviours and customs  New cultural traits can spread from one society to another  Political change can alter a culture  ch?v=URxwe6LPvkM ch?v=URxwe6LPvkM

STAGES OF CULTURAL CHANGE INNOVATION a new way of doing things ACCEPTANCE the new idea has to be accepted by the culture and spread ELIMINATION the old ways gradually disappear INTEGRATION new ways often require other areas of society to fit in CULTURAL CHANGE

FACTORS THAT RESIST CULTURAL CHANGE ENTHONCENTRISM A groups belief that their culture is superior to all others. As a result people oppose change from outside their group 2.CULTURAL LAG The period of time between the acceptance of an innovation and the completion of its integration into culture 3.VESTED INTERESTS People tend to resist any new idea that threatens their safety or their standard of living

CASE STUDY THE DVORAK KEYBOARD In August 1932 August Dvorak devised a new typewriter keyboard that was vastly superior to the old one On this keyboard you could type more than 3000 words on the home row compared to 50 on the QWERTY Dvorak put all the vowels in his home row, under the fingers of the left hand DVORAK rearranged things so that 70% of the work could be done in the home row, 22% in the row above, and 8% below With QWERTY 32% is done in the home row, 52% above, 16% below

CASE STUDY THE DVORAK KEYBOARD Dvorak also made the right hand work harder gving it 56% of the load On the QWERTY the left hand handles 57% of the work Dvorak had a demonstration during world war II when he retrained 14 navy women to use his keybvoard After month the women were turning out 74% more work and were 68% more accurate The women using the DSK keyboard were moving their fingers a little more than a mile a day, compared to 12 to 20 miles a day for the QWERTY keyboard