Ferrous and N0n- Ferrous Alloy Raudhah mohd Salleh Nur Afifah Sarkhan Nur Afifah bt Muhammad Rafi Siti Sholehah bt Che Ani Nur Asikin Mohd Nazri Nor Syalmira bt Amir

Ferrous Metal Alloy O Ferrous are the engineering material that are subbed into metal, those which contain iron. O Ferrous metal alloy are divided into two type ; steel and cast iron O Primarily used for their tensile strength and durability O The higher the amount of carbon contain, the more vulnerable to rust when exposed to the elements. O Mostly has magnetic properties which has been used in the large motor and the electrical appliance.

O Iron is the most widely used all metals as base metals as base metal in steel and cast iron. O Pig iron is the intermediate product of iron ore with high carbon fuel such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux O Cast iron is a the derived from pig iron and divide into several types that is white cast iron, grey cast iron, ductile iron, malleable iron and compacted graphite iron.

The Important of Ferrous Alloy O Ferrous alloys are important for engineering constructions because : 1. Their important because there are abundant within earth so they are consumed low cost. 2. Easier to be produced 3. Good strength toughness and ductility. 4. Versatile – wide range of mechanical and physical properties.

Types of Ferrous Alloy and Its Applications O There are several types and its applications : 1. Mild steel  carbon (0.1%-0.3%), iron (99.7%- 99.9%). Engineering purposes & in general none specialised metal product. 2. Carbon steel  carbon (0.6%-1.4%), iron (98.6%- 99.4%). Used to make cutting tools such as drill bits. 3. Cast iron  carbon (2%-6%), iron (94%-98%). Strong but brittle therefore it is suitable to manufacture items such as engine blocks and manhole covers. 4. Wrought iron  100% iron. Used to make items such as ornamental gates and fencing.

FERROALLOY : Methods to produce Ferroalloy O Ferroalloy are produced generally by two methods : 1. carbothermic reactions  involving reduction of oxides with carbon (as cokes) in the presence of iron. 2. by the addition of elements into molten iron

Ferroalloy with other elements O Refers to various alloy of iron with a high proportion of one or more element such as magnesium, aluminium or silicon. O Used in the production of steels and alloys O The main ferroalloy are : ferroaluminium, ferroboron, ferronickel O Ferrous metal also consists iron, pig iron, cast iron, wrought iron and steel

Non-ferrous alloys – metal that does not contain iron in appreciable amounts. wolframite, pyrolusite and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys. Generally more expensive than ferrous metals.

non-ferrous alloys widely used in the production of die cast components. Non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g; aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g; copper), non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g; zinc).

Some non-ferrous are also used in the iron and steel industries. Non-ferrous metals are usually refined through electrolysis. Due to its extensive use, non-ferrous is usually recycled. Non-ferrous were the first metals used by humans for metallurgy.