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Objectives Understand the structure of an X.500 directory and the use of LDAP and Active Directory Manage user and group accounts on Windows and Linux servers 3.4 Directory Services 220

Owner-based access control model (discretionary) User accounts protected by credentials Resources protected by Access Control Lists (ACL) Owner / system administrator grants privileges / permissions to accounts Configuring Directory Services 3.4 Directory Services 220

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Objects and attributes X.500 directory standard LDAP is a standard means of querying and updating objects and attributes Port 389 (TCP and UDP) / port 363 (LDAP- Secure) Port 3268 for Windows Active Directory Global Catalog queries LDAP 3.4 Directory Services 220

Distinguished Names 3.4 Directory Services 221

Directory Information Tree 3.4 Directory Services 222

Active Directory Domain Controller (DC) Domains Trees and Forests Organizational Units (OU) Sites Member Server Joining a domain 3.4 Directory Services 222

User name Credentials Profile Logon script Security ID (SID) Managing Users 3.4 Directory Services 225

Administrative Accounts Administrator / root account Generic account prohibition User Access Control (UAC) Assigning system privileges 3.4 Directory Services 225

Windows Account Management Domain Admins and Account Operators Active Directory Users and Computers Local Users and Groups 3.4 Directory Services 227

Linux Account Management Configuration files o /etc/passwd o /etc/group o /etc/shadow useradd, usermod, userdel su sudo passwd 3.4 Directory Services 228

Allocate permissions to a group account then add users to group accounts as needed Easier to manage than allocating permissions directly to user accounts Active Directory group types o Domain Local o Global o Universal Groups o AGDLP (Accounts go into Global groups, which go into Domain Local groups, which get Permissions) (Computer) local groups Security versus distribution groups Managing Group Accounts 3.4 Directory Services 229

Users, Administrators, Domain Admins, Account Operators, Backup Operators... Everyone group Guests group System groups o Interactive – any local user of the computer o Network – any user connected over the network o System – the Windows operating system o Creator/owner – the user who created the directory or print job Built-in Groups 3.4 Directory Services 231

Creating Group Accounts AD versus local Member Of tab in User properties Naming conventions Linux group accounts o groupadd, groupmod, groupdel o Effective group ID o newgrp 3.4 Directory Services 231

Group Policy 3.4 Directory Services 233

Logon Scripts 3.4 Directory Services 234

Role-based Access Control (RBAC) Differs from owner-based Discretionary Access Control (DAC) Assignment of role / permissions is system- determined rather than owner-determined Difficult to implement properly in most commercial OS o AGDLP is role-based approached but can be overridden by an administrator taking ownership and changing permissions Role-based Access Control 3.4 Directory Services 235

Review Understand the structure of an X.500 directory and the use of LDAP and Active Directory Manage user and group accounts on Windows and Linux servers 3.4 Directory Services 236

Labs Lab 7 / Configuring Directory Services 3.4 Directory Services