Genes and Variation Natural Selection Earth History SpeciationMisc

Question In genetic terms, _________ is any change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population

Answer 1 – 10 Evolution

Question The number of times that the allele occurs in a gene pool, compared with the number of times other alleles for the same gene occur

Answer 1 – 20 Relative frequency (Allele frequency would also be accepted)

Question The two main sources of genetic variation

Answer 1 – 30 Gene shuffling and mutations

Question There are 10 alleles for B (black fur) and 40 alleles for b (brown fur). What is the allele frequency for the black fur allele?

Answer 1 – 40 20% 10/50 =.2

Question The following picture shows the distribution of phenotypes that would be found for this type of trait. (Controlled by two or more genes.)

Answer 1 – 50 Polygenic

Question The following picture represents what type of selection on a polygenic trait?

Answer 2 – 10 Directional

Question The mass of human infants at birth is under the influence. Very small babies and very large babies are selected against. What type of selection is this?

Answer 2 – 20 Stabilizing selection

Question The graph shows this type of selection.

Answer 2 – 30 Disruptive

Question In a small population, individuals that carry a particular allele may leave more descendants than other individuals, just by chance. Over time this can cause an allele to become more common in a population. This random change in allele frequency is called….

Answer 2 – 40 Genetic drift

Question A situation where allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population.

Answer 2 – 50 Founder effect

Question The Earth is considered to be this old ____

Answer 3 – billion

Question Define half life

Answer 3 – 20 Length of time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay

Question Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic are all examples of this (a division of the geologic time scale)

Answer 3 – 30 eras

Question Over ___ of all species that have ever lived on earth have become extinct. (Think of your homework)

Answer 3 – 40 99%

Question A sample contains 1/16 the original amount of carbon-14. THIS many half lives have gone by.

Answer 3 – 50 4 half lives

Question The formation of a new species

Answer 4 – 10 Speciation (I hope you were paying attention to the topic…)

Question When members of two populations are no longer able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Answer 4 – 20 Reproductive isolation

Question Type of isolation that occurs when two populations are capable of interbreeding but have differences in courtship rituals or other reproductive strategies

Answer 4 – 30 Behavioral isolation

Question Two populations are separated by geographical barriers such as mountains or rivers

Answer 4 – 40 Geographic isolation

Question A group of individuals of the same species that interbreed make up this

Answer 4 – 50 population

Question This is the definition of a species

Answer 5 – 10 A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Question This states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change

Answer 5 – 20 Hardy Weinberg principle or genetic equilibrium

Question Describe 3 of the 5 conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium

Answer 5 – 30 Large population No mutations Random mating No immigration or emgration No natural selection

Question List the characteristics (letters) of the ant

Answer 5 – 40 D,C,B,A

Question Point to the common ancestor of the tuna and salamander

Answer 5 – 50 Where the two lines meet