Matter is Anything that takes up space and has mass. Everything you can touch is made of matter. If it is made of anything, that anything is matter. Everything you will learn about Chemistry will all be based on how matter reacts and combines. Matter

Mass Vs. Weight MASS- Amount of matter in an object WEIGHT-measure of the force of attraction between objects due to gravity. Mass vs. Weight

There are 4 States of Matter: 1. SOLID 2. LIQUID 3. GAS 4. PLASMA

SOLIDS –hold their shape –have definite volume –particles are very ordered –usually have high density

LIQUIDS –occupies a definite volume –no fixed shape –takes the shape of its container –usually have lower densities than solids

GASES –have no definite shape –have no definite volume –expand to fill container –have much lower densities than both solids and liquids

PLASMA –Most common state but rare on Earth –has no definite shape –has no definite volume –Makes up our Sun and Stars –Temp > 10,000 degree Celsius –Atoms break

QUANTIFYING PROPERTIES OF MATTER

Measurements We can measure the different properties of matter, such as length, mass, weight, volume, temperature, etc. For centuries measurements were not exact. Scientists needed exact measurements that were consistent across every country so they could communicate their findings.

Systeme Internationale d’Unites The scientific community came together in 1960 to create a universal measurements system which was called the Systeme Internationale d’Unites This system is abbreviated SI and is still used today.

Base Units A base unit is a defined unit that is based on an object or event in the physical world. Base units are independent of other units. There are seven base units in the SI system, we will learn four.

QuantityBase Unit TimeSeconds (s) LengthMeter (m) MassKilogram (kg) TemperatureKelvin (K)

Temperature Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance. Three scales: Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit: ⁰F = 1.8 (⁰C) + 32 Celsius to Kelvin: K = ⁰C + 273

Derived Units A derived unit is a combination of base units. Three major derived units: –Speed= m/s Derived from length and time –Volume= m 3 Derived from multiple length measurements –Density= mass/volume Derived from mass and volume

Density Practice What is the density of a substance that has a mass of 5.9 grams and a volume of 2.1 mL? What is the volume of a liquid with a density of 1.3 g/mL and a mass of 18.4 grams? What would the mass of a 3.5 cm cube of Zinc be? (Density of Zn= 6.57 g/cm 3 )