Goal 2 Part 3 States’ Rights and the National Bank of the United States

Daniel Webster (Massachusetts Senator) Favored STATES’ RIGHTS “Liberty first and Union afterwards” speech Main focus: How much power should the federal gov’t have???? (STATES LOVE THIS) *Madison’s Tariff of 1816 was Increased in ‘24 and’ 28…. (Which group hates this??? Why?)

“NULLIFICATION THEORY / SOUTH CAROLINA EXPOSITION” Jackson’s Vice President,  JOHN C. CALHOUN (War Hawk) of South Carolina, called the increased tariff the “TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS” (North is getting rich of the expense of the South) WHY????? -Threatens with secession Pres. Jackson “You WILL stay!”

“TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS” SOUTH CAROLINA EXPOSITION South depended on the world market Tariff DECREASED British exports to this country (expensive) so…. South couldn’t depend on the British….had to buy from the NORTH. ***The North was getting RICH at the expense of the South***

Calhoun’s Nullification Theory Backed up Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (VIRGINIA AND KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS = States’ Rights!) - If the federal government denied a state the right to nullify, that state has the right to withdraw from the Union…. Congress raises the tariff again and South Carolina threatens secession!

Andrew Jackson’s response to the South helped pass the “Force Bill 1833” – could use (FORCE) AGAINST the South in order to collect dues/taxes (any force necessary to enforce tariffs) South – resents the federal government SOLUTION: Henry Clay steps in and claims the tariff will eventually decrease over 10 years

Jackson’s views on the Bank of the United States - Vetoed a bill to re-charter the B.O.U.S.  Bank War – Jackson vs. Nicholas Biddle (2 nd B.O.U.S. Pres) Why does Jackson hate the B.O.U.S???? (1) Only helped the privileged (2) B.O.U.S. = unfair to state banks (3) Stockholders earned interest, not average taxpayer “The bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill it” - Andrew Jackson *** Initial steps to destroy the Bank of U.S. = Take deposits OUT and put them into pet banks (done while Congress was in recess) (Unconstitutional) ****PET BANKS**** Jackson’s personal state banks…hated the National Bank!!! *****RESULT: Second Bank of the U.S. went out of business****** T.Q. – What did we develop through the Second Bank of the U.S.?

Critics view: King Andrew the First Andrew Jackson Scepter = monarchy Veto = presidential power *standing on the Constitution

*Formation of the WHIG Party * the discontented, frustrated Americans “AGAINST” Andrew Jackson Supported the American System, but not tariffs/ claims federal money should pay for internal improvements and transportation – not tariffs LOVED federal control or national banking.

Andrew Jackson Battle of New Orleans Corrupt Bargain Spoils System Indian Removal Act Worcester V Georgia Force Bill Bank War

Jackson Newspaper w/ editorial  Newspaper title  Visual Representation (broad idea or specific topic) Topics: (1) Tension between John Quincy Adams and Jackson (2) Spoils System (effects) (3) Indian Removal Act 1830 (4) Relationship between Marshall and Jackson (Worcester V. Georgia) (5) Relationship between Calhoun and Jackson (6) Bank War (Answer for every topic) Essential Question (For each topic): How did each issue / topic shape American culture in 1820s and 1830s? (on back) Editorial: You are a Cherokee being “forced” away from your family and home. Write a “letter” to President Jackson convincing him to rethink assimilation and the Indian Removal Act (USE NOTES (Goal 2:2-3 and p )

Compromise vs. Confrontation Create a continuum like the one on the board. Rank the following historical leaders by placing their names on your continuum. (1) John Quincy Adams (2) Andrew Jackson (3) Henry Clay (4) John C. Calhoun (5) John Marshall **** Support your ranking based on historical events in which these men played critical roles. (DETAIL)