Avaraging Procedure. For an arbitrary quantity  the decomposition into a mean and fluctuating part can be written as.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics
Advertisements

TURBULENCE MODELING A Discussion on Different Techniques used in Turbulence Modeling -Reni Raju.
Lecture 15: Capillary motion
Conservation Equations
Convection.
Louisiana Tech University Ruston, LA Slide 1 Time Averaging Steven A. Jones BIEN 501 Monday, April 14, 2008.
Turbulent Models.  DNS – Direct Numerical Simulation ◦ Solve the equations exactly ◦ Possible with today’s supercomputers ◦ Upside – very accurate if.
Boundary Layer Flow Describes the transport phenomena near the surface for the case of fluid flowing past a solid object.
2003 International Congress of Refrigeration, Washington, D.C., August 17-22, 2003 CFD Modeling of Heat and Moisture Transfer on a 2-D Model of a Beef.
1 LES of Turbulent Flows: Lecture 9 (ME EN ) Prof. Rob Stoll Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah Fall 2014.
LES Combustion Modeling for Diesel Engine Simulations Bing Hu Professor Christopher J. Rutland Sponsors: DOE, Caterpillar.
LES of Turbulent Flows: Lecture 10 (ME EN )
Computer Aided Thermal Fluid Analysis Lecture 10
Physical-Space Decimation and Constrained Large Eddy Simulation Shiyi Chen College of Engineering, Peking University Johns Hopkins University Collaborator:
Flow over an Obstruction MECH 523 Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics Presented by Srinivasan C Rasipuram.
Development of Dynamic Models Illustrative Example: A Blending Process
Eddy Viscosity Model Jordanian-German Winter Academy February 5 th -11 th 2006 Participant Name : Eng. Tareq Salameh Mechanical Engineering Department.
Wolfgang Kinzelbach with Marc Wolf and Cornel Beffa
1 MFGT 242: Flow Analysis Chapter 4: Governing Equations for Fluid Flow Professor Joe Greene CSU, CHICO.
2-1 Problem Solving 1. Physics  2. Approach methods
CHE/ME 109 Heat Transfer in Electronics
Atmospheric turbulence Richard Perkins Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique Université de Lyon CNRS – EC Lyon – INSA Lyon – UCBL 36, avenue.
Introduction to Convection: Flow and Thermal Considerations
Transport Equations for Turbulent Quantities
Chapter 4 Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer:
Lecture of : the Reynolds equations of turbulent motions JORDANIAN GERMAN WINTER ACCADMEY Prepared by: Eng. Mohammad Hamasha Jordan University of Science.
1 Hybrid RANS-LES modelling, single code & grid Juan Uribe - Nicolas Jarrin University of Manchester, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, UK.
FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS, CONCEPTS AND IMPLEMENTATION
Momentum Heat Mass Transfer
AIAA SciTech 2015 Objective The objective of the present study is to model the turbulent air flow around a horizontal axis wind turbine using a modified.
Turbulence Modelling: Large Eddy Simulation
Introduction to Convection: Flow and Thermal Considerations
CFD Modeling of Turbulent Flows
Fluid Mechanics and Applications MECN 3110
1 LES of Turbulent Flows: Lecture 11 (ME EN ) Prof. Rob Stoll Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah Fall 2014.
1 LES of Turbulent Flows: Lecture 12 (ME EN ) Prof. Rob Stoll Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah Spring 2011.
Governing equations: Navier-Stokes equations, Two-dimensional shallow-water equations, Saint-Venant equations, compressible water hammer flow equations.
Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations -- RANS
Mathematical Equations of CFD
Chapter 6 Introduction to Forced Convection:
LES of Turbulent Flows: Lecture 2 (ME EN )
© Fluent Inc. 12/18/2015 D1 Fluent Software Training TRN Modeling Turbulent Flows.
Quantification of the Infection & its Effect on Mean Fow.... P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi Modeling of Turbulent.
Reynolds Analogy It can be shown that, under specific conditions (no external pressure gradient and Prandtle number equals to one), the momentum and heat.
Compressible Frictional Flow Past Wings P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi A Small and Significant Region of Curse.
INTRODUCTION TO CONVECTION
LES of Turbulent Flows: Lecture 5 (ME EN )
Scales of Motion, Reynolds averaging September 22.

Lecture Objectives: Define 1) Reynolds stresses and
Basic concepts of heat transfer
1 LES of Turbulent Flows: Lecture 10 (ME EN ) Prof. Rob Stoll Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah Spring 2011.
1 LES of Turbulent Flows: Lecture 7 (ME EN ) Prof. Rob Stoll Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah Spring 2011.
Direct numerical simulation has to solve all the turbulence scales from the large eddies down to the smallest Kolmogorov scales. They are based on a three-dimensional.
Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering # 1 HEAT TRANSFER CHAPTER 6 Introduction to convection.
Second - Order Closure. Material Derivative Gradient terms.
Turbulent Fluid Flow daVinci [1510].
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
The Standard, RNG, and Realizable k- Models. The major differences in the models are as follows: the method of calculating turbulent viscosity the turbulent.
Introduction to the Turbulence Models
Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Flows Using k-epsilon
K-ε model, ASM model.
Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations -- RANS
Introduction to Symmetry Analysis
Lecture Objectives: Review Explicit vs. Implicit
Objective Review Reynolds Navier Stokes Equations (RANS)
FLUID MECHANICS REVIEW
Objective Reynolds Navier Stokes Equations (RANS) Numerical methods.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Hayder Mohammad Jaffal
Basic concepts of heat transfer: Heat Conduction
Presentation transcript:

Avaraging Procedure

For an arbitrary quantity  the decomposition into a mean and fluctuating part can be written as

The term on the left-hand side is the instantaneous value, the first term on the right hand side is the mean value and the second term on the right-hand side is the fluctuating value. The mean value can be obtained using an ensemble averaging procedure

where N is the number of ensembles and W denotes a weighting function. For steady-state flows, the mean value can also be obtained using a time averaging procedure

Setting the weighting factor in Eqs. (2) and (3) averaging procedure, used mainly for incompressible flows. In this case Eq. (1) is written as to unity, results in the conventional Reynolds

where the bar denotes the Reynolds average. If the averaging is applied to the continuity equation for an incompressible flow field it becomes

For the same flow field, the momentum equations are

An additional term is introduced into the momentum equations, the last term in Eq. (6), and it is called the Reynolds stresses. This term cannot be expressed in terms of the averaged quantities and has to be modelled.

If the density is varying and the decompositions is applied, the continuity equation becomes (7) Note that an additional term appears, the last term in the continuity equation.

Density-weighted Averaging or Favre Averaging To avoid this additional term, a density weighted averaging procedure, called Favre averaging, is used by setting the weighting factor in Eqs. (2) and (3) to

With this decomposition into a mean and fluctuating part, Eq. (1) can be written as: where the tilde denotes the Favre average.

The Favre average is applied to the continuity equation and it becomes

By applying the density weighted average, the problem with an additional term, as in Eq. (7) is avoided. This is the reason for using Favre averaging on density varying flows.

The Favre averaged momentum equations are where the Reynolds stresses are still present and have to be modelled.

But applying the Favre averaging procedure has not increased the number of the terms that have to be modelled. In a density varying flow field, such as a reacting flow field, all the governing equations are averaged using the Favre averaging procedure.

Variable Density Turbulent Flows

many problems from industry or aeronautics involve effects of density variations. These variations in density may have various origins: thermal dilatation, compression, supersonic regime, mixing of fluids, chemical reactions, etc.

Some variable density flows can also be produced by the mixing of miscible fluids but with differing densities. Chemical reaction, like combustion, induces complex phenomena coupled with turbulence. Most of the modeling methods used in practice still rely on a direct extension of existing methods for incompressible flows. The effects of compressibility are however complex and may require us to reconsider most of closure hypotheses.

Favre Averaging

Transport equations

The Turbulent Field Equations

Kinetic Energy Equation

This equation presents a new term for dilatation production and also an additional pressure term due to the fact that the Favre fluctuation is not zero in the mean. We shall also note the occurrence of a pressure-dilatation correlation term

Reynolds stress transport modeling in the framework of mass weighted averaging

Dissipation rate equation

Turbulent heat flux equations

DNS-LES-DES

The detached eddy simulation (DES) model is based on a modified version of the Spalart-Allmaras model and can be considered a more practical alternative to LES for predicting the flow around high- Reynolds-number, high-lift airfoils.

The DES approach combines an unsteady RANS version of the Spalart-Allmaras model with a filtered version of the same model to create two separate regions inside the flow domain: one that is LES-based and another that is close to the wall where the modeling is dominated by the RANS-based approach.

The LES region is normally associated with the high-Re core turbulent region where large turbulence scales play a dominant role. In this region, the DES model recovers the pure LES model based on a one-equation sub-grid model. Close to the wall, where viscous effects prevail, the standard RANS model is recovered.

The application of DES, however, may still require significant CPU resources and therefore, as a general guideline, it is recommended that the conventional turbulence models employing the Reynolds-averaged approach be used for practical calculations.

The DES model belongs to the class of models usually referred to as an LES/RANS coupling modeling approach. The main idea of this approach is to combine RANS modeling with LES for applications in which classical LES is not affordable (e.g., high-Re external aerodynamics simulations).

The DES model is based on the one-equation Spalart-Allmaras model. The standard Spalart-Allmaras model uses the distance to the closest wall as the definition for the length scale d, which plays a major role in determining the level of production and destruction of turbulent viscosity.

The DES model replaces d everywhere with a new length scale ~ d, defined as