Erickson’s Eight Stages of Development 1.03 Life Stages Erick Erikson, Psychologist

Words to know Prenatal  From conception to birth Student  Education through high school Work  Part time/full time jobs until career jobs with benefits/advancement opportunities/other part time work Post Secondary Education  Education beyond high school Career  Good job, benefits, opportunity for advancement Marriage  Married life Retirement Citizenship  Times in ones life in which he/she is involved in activities giving time/effort back to the community Parent Caregiver  Time when you will have primary responsibility for well being of your parent's

Infancy – Hope (0-18 months) Major development 1.) Begins to communicate through facial expressions, gestures and actions 2.) Shows response to attention 3.) Develops separation anxiety Physical development 1.) Gross motor skill activities 2.) Fine motor skill activities 3.) Development of hand-eye coordination Emotional development 1.) Learns that positive behavior meets with approval 2.) Learns that negative behavior meets with punishment/disapproval 3.) Begins to express emotions Life Task (Erikson) – Trust vs. Mistrust The infant must form a first loving, trusting, relationship with the caregiver, or develop a sense of mistrust.

Toddler – Will (18 months – 3 yrs) Major development 1.) Develops issues with sharing 2.) Begins recognizing male and female roles 3.) Parallel play Physical development 1.) Walks 2.) Shows greatly improved hand-eye coordination 3.) Shows greatly improved fine motor skills Emotional development 1.) Becomes sensitive about being offered assistance – I can do it! 2.) Does not respond readily to commands or time constraints Life task (Erikson) – Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 1.) Develops autonomy (sense of self) 2.) Moves toward independently performing task. The child's energies are directed toward the development of physical skills, including walking, grasping, and potty-training. The child learns control but may develop shame and doubt if not handled well.

Preschool – Purpose (3-5 yrs) Major development 1.) Enjoys cooperative play 2.) Waits for turn 3.) Learns to obey rules Physical development 1.) Can tie shoelaces and fasten buttons 2.) Can skip, hop, run and jump 3.) Continued development of fine motor skills and manual dexterity Emotional development 1.) Feels guilt 2.) Expresses ideas/feelings through dramatic play 3.) Likes to take responsibility in helping with duties Life task (Erikson) – Initiative vs. Guilt Attitudes, toward work and personal responsibility are first formed, the child continues to become more assertive and to take more initiative

School Age – Competence (6-12 yrs) Developmental tasks 1.) Learn to be proud of accomplishments 2.) Learn to try hard 3.) Learn to cooperate 4.) Learn basic academic and social skills Life task (Erikson) –Accomplishment/ Industry vs. Inferiority The child must deal with demands to learn new skills or risk a sense of inferiority, failure, and incompetence.

Adolescence/Teenager – Fidelity (13-18 yrs) Developmental tasks – Having trust 1.) Develops self-identity 2.) Establishes emotional independence 3.) Plans for employment 4.) Develops mature relationships 5.) Adopts masculine and feminine roles 6.) Adopts a set of standards to guide behavior 7.) Accepts and adopts socially acceptable behavior 8.) Accepts body and appearance b. Life task (Erikson) – Identity vs. Identity confusion The teenager must achieve a sense of identity in occupation, sex roles, politics, and religion.

Young Adult – Love (19-35) General young adulthood developmental tasks 1.) Establishes roles as spouse, employee and peer 2.) Establishes relationships with friends, co- workers and friends 3.) Establishes physical environment (neighborhood, community and residence) 20’s 1) Developmental tasks a.) Develops intimacy b.) Builds a style of living (housing, work, relationships 2.) Life task (Erikson) – Intimacy vs. Isolation The young adult must develop intimate relationships or suffer feelings of isolation. Each adult must find some way to satisfy and support the next generation.

Middle Age, Mid Life Crisis – Caring (36 – 55 yrs) 30’s 1.) Developmental tasks a.) Establishes roots (children, community, and career goals) b.) Focuses on children, career and community 2.) Life task (Erikson) – Generativity vs. Self-absorption 40’s 1.) Developmental tasks a.) Re-evaluates life b.) Realizes mortality c.) Looks for change in education, career and/or family 2.) Life Task (Erikson) – Integrity vs. Despair 50’s 1.) Developmental tasks a.) Finds stability and peace b.) Empty nest - renewed focus on being a “couple” c.) Caring for aging parents – ‘Sandwich generation’ d.) Financial security 2.) Life task (Erikson) – Integrity vs. Despair

Old Age, Aging – Wisdom (56 yrs – death) 1.) Developmental tasks a.) Comes to terms with a life lived (loss of vitality, anticipation of life’s end) b.) Retirement 2.) Life task (Erikson) – Integrity vs. Despair

Life Cycle 1. Beginning stage 2. Parental stage Child bearing 3. Middle Age Stage Empty nest 4. Retirement Stage