Date of download: 6/1/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Induction and reversal of cardiac phenotype of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation cardiac troponin T-Q92 in switch on–switch off bigenic mice J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(11): doi: /j.jacc Schematic structure of the transgenes and documentation of transgene expression. (A) Schematic diagrams of the regulator and target transgenes. The regulator is an inactive tripartite protein that is expressed specifically in the heart. Mifepristone binds to the ligand-binding domain of the tripartite protein and induces conformational changes that expose the DNA binding domain of the protein. The latter domain binds to GAL4 sequences in the target transgene, juxtaposing the transcription activation domain of p65 to a minimal TATA box (TCTAGAGGGTATATAATGGATCCGGAT) and subsequent transcription of the downstream sequences (cTnT-Q92 transgene). (B) Polymerase chain reaction screening of bigenic mice: DNA size marker is pGEM. The + GLp65 and + cTnT denote positive controls for the regulator and the target transgenes, respectively. The remainder of the wells represent DNA from F2 mice screened for carrying the regulator (forward primer: 5′GGCTCCTCTGCCAGTGTTGATAT and reverse 5′AGAAGTTGCCTCTCGCCTAGTTG) and target (forward 5′GAGCAGGAAGAAGCAGCTGTTGA and reverse 5′GGTCGAACTTCTCTGCCTCCAAG) transgenes. The lower band in each lane identifies an approximately 500-bp fragment of the mouse β casein gene used as an internal control for DNA quality (forward 5′ GATGTGCTCCAGGCTAAAGTT and reverse 5′AGAAACGCAATGTTGTGGAGT). Three bigenic mice carrying both the regulatory and the target transgenes are identified by *. (C) Detection of expression of inducible cTnT-Q92 mRNA in bigenic mice by RT-PCR. The cDNA for human cTnT and human heart mRNA are included as positive controls and cardiac mRNAs from non-transgenic (NTG) and monogenic TATA-cDNA as negative controls. The + and − denote RT-PCR with and without superscript reverse transcriptase in the reaction. Cardiac mRNA from one bigenic line treated with placebo, three bigenic lines treated with mifepristone (16 days), and one bigenic line 16 days after discontinuation of mifepristone are included. The presence of 760 bp PCR products (forward: 5′GGTTATCGTTGATCCTGATTGCC and reverse: 5′GGAGCAGGAAGAAGCAGCTGTT) identifies expression of the induced cTnT-Q92 in three lines of bigenic mice. The absence of RT-PCR product in the target TATA-cTnT-92 monogenic mouse confirms the absence of background expression of cTnT-Q92. (D) Expression of induced cTnT-Q92 in the heart of bigenic mice. Cardiac protein extract from a human heart is included as positive control. Cardiac proteins from NTG, GLp65, and TATA-cTnT-Q92 monogenic mice and bigenic mouse treated with placebo (each 20 μg) are included as negative controls. The presence of a 37-kDa band identifies the expression of transgene protein in the heart of a bigenic mouse treated with mifepristone, which was detected using human specific anti-troponin T monoclonal antibody 2D10. The mini-panels to the right indicate switching off expression of cTnT-Q92 after discontinuation of mifepristone. The middle row shows expression of total cTnT (endogenous and transgene), detected using pan-specific anti- troponin T antibody JLT-12 (Serotec, Kidlington, Oxford). The lower panel shows expression of sarcomeric α-actin (Biomeda, Inc., Foster City, California), a marker for loading condition. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/1/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Induction and reversal of cardiac phenotype of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation cardiac troponin T-Q92 in switch on–switch off bigenic mice J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(11): doi: /j.jacc Representative M-mode echocardiographic views of the left ventricle in the treatment (A) and placebo (B) groups. In each panel, M- mode views are shown before and after switching on and off expression of the cTnT-Q92 transgene. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters and fractional shortening (EDD, ESD, and FS, respectively) are depicted under each panel. Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/1/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Induction and reversal of cardiac phenotype of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation cardiac troponin T-Q92 in switch on–switch off bigenic mice J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(11): doi: /j.jacc Expression of selected signaling molecules after short-term induced expression of cTnT-Q92 in bigenic mice. (A) Immunoblots showing levels of the major components of PI3K pathway: each lane represents one experimental group, as labeled. Bigenic mice were injected with either a placebo or mifepristone (Mife On) at 1,000 μg/kg/day for 16 days. Mife Off indicates bigenic mice after withdrawal of mifepristone for 16 days. (B) Immunoblots showing expression levels of selected phosphorylated PKC isoforms; the bottom panel shows expression levels of sarcomeric actin, used as a control for loading condition. Groups are as indicated for panel A. (C, D, and E) Quantitative levels of PTEN, p-PKC-Ζλ-T538, and p-PKD-S The F and p values are shown for the entire groups. All p values were <0.05 when levels of PTEN, p-PKC-Ζλ-T538, and p-PKD-S were compared with their corresponding levels in other experimental groups (ANOVA). Figure Legend:

Date of download: 6/1/2016 Copyright © The American College of Cardiology. All rights reserved. From: Induction and reversal of cardiac phenotype of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation cardiac troponin T-Q92 in switch on–switch off bigenic mice J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(11): doi: /j.jacc Induction of expression of markers of hypertrophy and fibrosis and histologic phenotypes. (A) Relative expression levels of marker of hypertrophy (cardiac load) and fibrosis. The upper panels show relative expression levels of A-type natriuretic peptide (NPPA), B- type natriuretic peptide (NPPB), and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a or ATP2A2) in the heart in the experimental groups, determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. All values were corrected for levels of mRNA in the NTG control group. Labels are as follows: 1: non-transgenic littermates (NTG); 2: target transgene only (TATA-cTnT-Q92); 3: regulator transgene only (GLp65); 4: bigenic in the placebo group; 5: bigenic mice on mifepristone group (16 days); and 6: bigenic mice off mifepristone for 16 days. All p values were <0.05 for comparisons of NPPA and NPPA levels between bigenic mice on mifepristone versus each of the other groups (t test) and among all groups (ANOVA). The lower panels show relative expression levels of cardiac collagens, namely COL1A1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 in the experimental groups. Labels are as above. All p values are <0.001 and <0.01 in comparing COL1A1 and COL3A1 levels, respectively, between bigenic mice on mifepristone versus each of the other groups (t test) and among all groups (ANOVA). (B) Histologic phenotypes in the NTG and bigenic mice in the placebo and mifepristone groups. The upper panels represent Sirius Red staining of thin myocardial sections used to determine CVF. The values under each micrograph indicate mean ± SD of CVF in the corresponding group. The lower panels show immunofluorescence micrographs stained with anti-laminin B monoclonal antibody and a rhodamine-conjugate secondary antibody to delineate the myocyte boundaries. Values under each panel indicate mean ± SD pixels per myocyte in each group. Figure Legend: