Happy We Pretend We Are In Elementary School and Eat Candy Day Today: 1.Intro notes 2.Candy Neurons 3.Discussion/Notes HW: Ch. 2 pgs and VOCAB QUIZ Friday – Prologue, Ch. 1 and Ch. 2

Test Make-Ups You have 1 week to make up Friday’s test Copies of the test are in the tutorial center Test retakes will be available starting next week in the Tutorial Center Retakes are only available for a week. (Unless you come talk to me) I will only use the highest score.

AND NOW TO YOUR BRAIN…. Brain Parts Song by Aaron Wolf History of Mind –Plato correctly placed mind in the brain. However, his student Aristotle believed that mind was in the heart. –Today we believe mind and brain are faces of the same coin. Everything that is psychological is simultaneously biological.

Neural Communication Biological Psychology ▪ branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior ▪ some biological psychologists call themselves behavioral neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, behavior geneticists, physiological psychologists, or biopsychologists ▪ Phrenology (Franz Gall) ▪ Study of the bumps on your head ▪ Bumps reveal a person’s abilities and traits

Cellular Level (Interconnected Neurons) Organ Level (Brain) System Level (Information Processing) Individual Level (Human Being) Group Level (Family) Ethnic Level (Culture) Community Level (Society) Neural Communication We are a biopsychosocial system.

Neural Communication Note the similarities in the above brain regions, which are all engaged in information processing. Neurobiologists and other investigators understand that humans and animals operate similarly when processing information.

Directions: 1.Take out a textbook and turn to Chapter 2 pgs – you will need a blank piece of paper as well. 2.As we make our very own neurons, please write into your notes what you see in the textbook, the information from the slides as well as what you discuss with your group. 3.Once the neuron is complete, it is yours to consume :) Edible Neuron Activity

Edible Neuron: Step 1 Motor neuron body Pull n Peel twizzler, separate the individual strings halfway and tie knots at the end of each one. What do these represent? What do they do?

Edible Neuron: Step 2 2 toothpicks, break in half Place one half of the toothpick in the end of the twizzler that has not been separated. Attach a gummy peach ring Place a jelly bean in the center. What does this represent? What does it do?

Edible Neuron: Step 3 Stick the remaining toothpick pieces into the cell body and attach sour gummies. What does this represent? What does it do?

Edible Neuron: Step 4 Wrap the belt around the axon. What does this represent? What does it do?

Eat and Enjoy! Practice at home: University of Utah, Cells

Neuron A nerve cell, or a neuron, consists of many different parts.

Neural Communication ▪ Neuron ▪ a nerve cell ▪ the basic building block of the nervous system ▪ Soma ▪ cell body; serves as neuron’s control center

Neural Communication ▪ Dendrite ▪ the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body ▪ Axon ▪ the extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands ▪ Myelin [MY-uh-lin] Sheath ▪ a layer of fatty cells segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons ▪ enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses

Block Day! Today: 1.Reaction Time 2.Trust Fall 3.Notes 4.Case Study: What drives thrill seekers and extreme sports enthusiasts?

What is the refractory period? Example? What are neurotransmitters? What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist? What is the difference between the central and peripheral nervous system? What is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?

Reaction Time Activity 2 Volunteers: Person A holds the ruler at the top Person B has their fingers next to the ruler at the bottom. Test #1 Person A has a 5 second window to drop the ruler. Person B needs to catch the ruler once dropped. The distance up the ruler will determine reaction time. Test #2 Same Activity, dim the lights. Does this make a difference? DistanceTime 2 in (~5 cm)0.10 sec (100 ms) 4 in (~10 cm)0.14 sec (140 ms) 6 in (~15 cm)0.17 sec (170 ms) 8 in (~20 cm)0.20 sec (200 ms) 10 in (~25.5 cm)0.23 sec (230 ms) 12 in (~30.5 cm)0.25 sec (250 ms) 17 in (~43 cm)0.30 sec (300 ms) 24 in (~61 cm)0.35 sec (350 ms) 31 in (~79 cm)0.40 sec (400 ms) 39 in (~99 cm)0.45 sec (450 ms) 48 in (~123 cm)0.50 sec (500 ms) 69 in (~175 cm)0.60 sec (600 ms) How is your brain and body communicating? What has to happen to catch the ruler? What is happening IN YOUR BRAIN?

Nervous System Activity: Trust Fall For each of the scenarios on the following slide, think about what happens to each of the following:

Autonomic Nervous System STIMULATION TRANQUILIZING

Nervous System Activity: Trust Fall Trust Fall #1: Fall into the arms of another student with eyes open Trust Fall #2: Fall into the arms of another student with eyes closed Trust Fall #3: Fall into the arms of several students from an elevated height with eyes open Trust Fall #4: Fall into the arms of several students from an elevated height with eyes closed

Discussion Question How did the researcher define ‘thrill seeking’ and ‘extreme sports’? What common beliefs was she looking to dispel? What does this study assert? What larger connections to human psychology can you draw from her findings? What potential problems/questions/criticism do you have for this study?

Happy Friday Friends! Today: 1.Vocab Quiz 2.Discussion of Case Study and Writing Practice 3.Test Review 4.Brain Parts

Vocab Quiz: Pick 5 of the words below – define them and explain why they are significant in the study of psychology. 1.Hindsight Bias 2.Operational Definition 3.Naturalistic Observation 4.Placebo Effect 5.Dependent Variable 6.Confounding Variable 7.Myelin Sheath 8.Reuptake

What Drives Thrill Seeking? Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous system - Serotonin Pathways Dopamine Pathways Endorphins Norepinephrine

Writing Instruction: Prompt: Jim is obsessed with extreme sports. He has recently finished a vacation in which he jumped out of a helicopter and skied down a remote portion of the Cariboos Mountains in Canada. Explain with an example of each of the following how Jim’s body and brain are affected by extreme sports *Use the study, your notes & the textbook to respond to the prompt. Chapter 2: Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System Serotonin Pathways Dopamine Pathways Endorphins Norepinephrine Future Chapters (if time) Intrinsic & extrinsic motivation Illusion of invulnerability Peer Pressure Age Thirty Crisis Groupthink

Reflexes and Reactions - Why are we able to move our hand quickly away from a hot stove without really processing the information in our brains first? The message it sends is so fast that you don’t even have time to process the experience until right after. What is the endocrine system? What is the most important gland in the endocrine system? The endocrine system includes all of the glands of the body and the hormones produced by those glands. The glands are controlled directly by stimulation from the nervous system as well as by chemical receptors in the blood and hormones produced by other glands. By regulating the functions of organs in the body, these glands help to maintain the body’s homeostasis. Cellular metabolism, reproduction, sexual development, sugar and mineral homeostasis, heart rate, and digestion are among... What is a brain lesion? A lesion is an area of tissue that has been damaged through injury or disease. - caused by chemicals, injury and sometimes …..?

The Brain! Choose one or more of the following links to use to introduce yourself to the brain: Interactive Brain: D Brain: How the Human Brain Works: Brain Game #1: Brain Game #2: Brain Quiz:

GOOD MORNING MOUNTAIN VIEW! Today: 1.The Limbic System 2.Sugar Challenge HW: Complete Ch. 2 – Test Friday Review Session – Wednesday at Lunch in Ms. R’s room 309- Thursday at Lunch in Ms. G’s room

Brain Parts Basics

The Limbic System What is the brain conflict in the video : u76jBk59RFk u76jBk59RFk *Prefrontal cortex area = executive function.executive function Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social "control" (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially unacceptable outcomes).

The Limbic System What would be your perfect meal for your birthday? Drink(s) Appetizer Entree Dessert Does food make us happy? Why? a8c f adf8d a8c f adf8d The High 21:14 Results 1:29:30 The Question: instant gratification versus long term health risks? An Addiction to Food? brain brain

NO SUGAR CHALLENGE! Give up sugar this week (fruit is OK). Keep notes on your phone or wherever is convenient regarding how many regular foods you eat that you have to avoid. Note your mood, energy level etc….

HAPPY TUESDAY SWEET THANGS Today: 1.Sugar Check-in 2.Lobes and Associated Areas Test on Friday! – Review Session Wednesday 309 Thursday 204

Sugar Check In How many of you are still trying to not eat sugar? Successes/failures? Psychological challenges? Physical challenges? Biopsychosocial challenges?

Lobes and Associated Areas of the Brain

LOBES OF THE BRAIN Explain the four lobes that are in each brain hemisphere What do they do? What is the motor cortex? How is this possible? h?v=gjfrqbItrx8 h?v=gjfrqbItrx8 What are association areas and why are they important?

The Cerebral Cortex

Association Areas ▪ More intelligent animals have increased “uncommitted” or association areas of the cortex

Language Aphasia is an impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area (impaired speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impaired understanding).

Brain-Body connection: Artificial Limbs Smart – Prosthetics

How important is the brain? Mike the headless chicken Was this just reflex or was this an aberration? Brain stem must have still been there to keep him alive. Trachea could help him breathe? How did he move?

Sugar Check In How many of you are still trying to not eat sugar? Successes/failures? Psychological challenges? Physical challenges? Biopsychosocial challenges?

HAPPY BLOCK DAY (BEST DAY)! Today: 1.Left Brain vs. Right Brain 2.Group Quiz Today: Review at Lunch 309 – tomorrow at lunch room 204 Test Friday!

Left Brain vs. Right Brain Activity 1. With a partner – read (or hopefully re-read) pg “Our Divided Brain” and “Right-Left Differences in the Intact Brain” 1. Take Notes on What the Textbook Says 2. With your partner – 1 person reads the first two questions and answers on the handout and 1 person reads the second two questions and answers. 1. Take notes and share with your partner what your sections says. 3. Make a T-chart of where the textbook and the article agree and where they disagree.

Brain Group Quiz Take out a blank piece of paper Put everyone’s name in the group at the top You will be asked a series of questions, use your notes and each other to respond to the questions. You may not use the textbook.

Brain Group Quiz 1. The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to newest is A) limbic system; brainstem; cerebral cortex. B) brainstem; cerebral cortex; limbic system. C) limbic system; cerebral cortex; brainstem. D) brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex. E) cerebral cortex; brainstem; limbic system. 2. The medulla is to the control of ________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ________. A) eating; sleeping B) breathing; walking C) emotion; motivation D) memory; attention E) hearing; seeing

Brain Group Quiz 3. After Kato's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. Kato is most likely to have difficulty A) experiencing intense emotions. B) reading printed words. C) understanding what others are saying. D) tasting the flavors of foods. E) playing his guitar. 4. Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories? A) hypothalamus B) thalamus C) hippocampus D) medulla E) cerebellum

Brain Group Quiz 5. When the cat's amygdala is electrically stimulated the cat prepares to attack by hissing and arching its back. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated by such stimulation? A) somatic B) parasympathetic C) central D) sympathetic E) sensorimotor 6. The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the A) cerebellum. B) amygdala. C) reticular formation. D) hypothalamus. E) medulla.

Brain Group Quiz 7. The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of A) muscular coordination. B) language comprehension. C) visual perception. D) speaking ability. E) pain sensations. 8. In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head. The once friendly, soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which region of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior? A) temporal lobes B) sensory cortex C) frontal lobes D) parietal lobes E) Broca's area

Brain Group Quiz 9. To trigger a person's hand to make a fist, José Delgado stimulated the individual's A) motor cortex. B) hypothalamus. C) sensory cortex. D) reticular formation. E) limbic system. 10. Someone who has difficulty speaking after a stroke is suffering from which of the following? A) neurogenesis B) lesion C) aphasia D) angular gyrus E) interneurons

Brain Group Quiz 11. When asked to describe a picture that showed two boys stealing cookies behind a woman's back, a patient replied, “Mother is away her working her work to get her better, but when she's looking the two boys looking the other part.” Which brain region has most likely been damaged? A) Broca's area B) angular gyrus C) corpus callosum D) Wernicke's area E) parietal lobes 12. Which brain area is primarily involved with advanced language processing and production? A) sensory cortex B) angular gyrus C) association areas D) reticular formation E) hypothalamus

Brain Group Quiz 13. Split-brain patients have had their ________ surgically cut. A) hippocampus B) limbic system C) corpus callosum D) sensory cortex E) reticular formation 14. A patient who suffered a stroke says that she no longer recognizes herself in a mirror. Which brain structure was likely damaged in the stroke? A) occipital lobes B) temporal lobes C) left hemisphere D) right hemisphere E) reticular formation

Brain Group Quiz 15. Which of the following structures in the brainstem helps coordinate movements and lies above the medulla? A) reticular formation B) hippocampus C) pons D) thalamus E) hypothalamus 16. Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name? A) reticular formation B) cerebellum C) hypothalamus D) amygdala E) medulla

Brain Group Quiz 17. The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the A) reticular formation. B) hypothalamus. C) amygdala. D) cerebellum. E) thalamus. 18. The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of A) taste. B) sight. C) hearing. D) touch. E) smell.

Brain Group Quiz 19. Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex? A) thalamus B) amygdala C) medulla D) hippocampus E) cerebellum 20. A stroke patient can recognize the sound of his wife's voice but cannot recognize her face when she stands next to him. Which brain region has most likely been damaged? A) the visual cortex in the occipital lobe B) the underside of the right temporal lobe C) Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe D) the hippocampus in the limbic system E) the reticular formation in the brainstem

Answers! Trade your papers with another group.

Brain Group Quiz 1. The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to newest is A) limbic system; brainstem; cerebral cortex. B) brainstem; cerebral cortex; limbic system. C) limbic system; cerebral cortex; brainstem. D) brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex. E) cerebral cortex; brainstem; limbic system. 2. The medulla is to the control of ________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ________. A) eating; sleeping B) breathing; walking C) emotion; motivation D) memory; attention E) hearing; seeing

Brain Group Quiz 3. After Kato's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. Kato is most likely to have difficulty A) experiencing intense emotions. B) reading printed words. C) understanding what others are saying. D) tasting the flavors of foods. E) playing his guitar. 4. Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories? A) hypothalamus B) thalamus C) hippocampus D) medulla E) cerebellum

Brain Group Quiz 5. When the cat's amygdala is electrically stimulated the cat prepares to attack by hissing and arching its back. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated by such stimulation? A) somatic B) parasympathetic C) central D) sympathetic E) sensorimotor 6. The brain structure that provides a major link between the nervous system and the endocrine system is the A) cerebellum. B) amygdala. C) reticular formation. D) hypothalamus. E) medulla.

Brain Group Quiz 7. The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of A) muscular coordination. B) language comprehension. C) visual perception. D) speaking ability. E) pain sensations. 8. In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head. The once friendly, soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which region of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior? A) temporal lobes B) sensory cortex C) frontal lobes D) parietal lobes E) Broca's area

Brain Group Quiz 9. To trigger a person's hand to make a fist, José Delgado stimulated the individual's A) motor cortex. B) hypothalamus. C) sensory cortex. D) reticular formation. E) limbic system. 10. Someone who has difficulty speaking after a stroke is suffering from which of the following? A) neurogenesis B) lesion C) aphasia D) angular gyrus E) interneurons

Brain Group Quiz 11. When asked to describe a picture that showed two boys stealing cookies behind a woman's back, a patient replied, “Mother is away her working her work to get her better, but when she's looking the two boys looking the other part.” Which brain region has most likely been damaged? A) Broca's area B) angular gyrus C) corpus callosum D) Wernicke's area E) parietal lobes 12. Which brain area is primarily involved with reading aloud? A) sensory cortex B) angular gyrus C) association areas D) reticular formation E) hypothalamus

Brain Group Quiz 13. Split-brain patients have had their ________ surgically cut. A) hippocampus B) limbic system C) corpus callosum D) sensory cortex E) reticular formation 14. A patient who suffered a stroke says that she no longer recognizes herself in a mirror. Which brain structure was likely damaged in the stroke? A) occipital lobes B) temporal lobes C) left hemisphere D) right hemisphere E) reticular formation

Brain Group Quiz 15. Which of the following structures in the brainstem helps coordinate movements and lies above the medulla? A) reticular formation B) hippocampus C) pons D) thalamus E) hypothalamus 16. Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name? A) reticular formation B) cerebellum C) hypothalamus D) amygdala E) medulla

Brain Group Quiz 17. The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the A) reticular formation. B) hypothalamus. C) amygdala. D) cerebellum. E) thalamus. 18. The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of A) taste. B) sight. C) hearing. D) touch. E) smell.

Brain Group Quiz 19. Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex? A) thalamus B) amygdala C) medulla D) hippocampus E) cerebellum 20. A stroke patient can recognize the sound of his wife's voice but cannot recognize her face when she stands next to him. Which brain region has most likely been damaged? A) the visual cortex in the occipital lobe B) the underside of the right temporal lobe C) Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe D) the hippocampus in the limbic system E) the reticular formation in the brainstem