RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION A COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL APPROACH

ORGANS OF RESPIRATION Earthworm  Absorb oxygen through there skin Mammals  Nose  Mouth  Pharynx  Larynx  Trachea  Lungs  Bronchi  Bronchioles  Alveoli  Diaphragm

BREATHING Inhalation 1.Diaphragm contracts to pull air into the lungs 2.Increase in O 2 concentration in the alveoli 3.Respiration results in build up of CO 2 in the cells 4.Due to diffusion (molecules moving from a concentration of higher concentration to lower concentration) CO 2 moves out of the body cells into red blood cells 5.O 2 moves from alveoli into the red blood cells, then from the RBC into the body cells

BREATHING Exhalation CO 2 is transferred from RBC into the alveoli Diaphragm relaxes Pushes air out of the lungs

CIRCULATION Mammals  Have a four chambered heart Earthworm  five aortic arches

EARTHWORM CIRCULATION  Oxygen is absorbed by the skin into the dorsal blood vessel  It travels to the (hearts) by the esophagus  It is pumped to the lower, ventral blood vessel  The ventral blood vessel pumps the blood to all segments and organs in need of oxygen  In each segment, there is a small blood vessel that sends the blood from the ventral blood vessel back to the dorsal blood vessel

PARTS OF THE HUMAN HEART

VESSELS Arteries – move blood away from the heart  Thick walled  Contain oxygen-rich blood Veins – move blood toward the heart  Thinner walled  Have valves to keep blood from back-flowing  Carries oxygen-poor blood Capillaries – connect veins and arteries

HUMAN CIRCULATION 1.Pulmonary vein (only vein that carries oxygenated blood) carries blood from the lungs to the right atrium 2.From Rt. Atrium through the Tricuspid valve to the Rt. Ventricle 3.Out to body through the Aorta 4.Back from the body through the inferior and superior vena cava to the Left atrium 5.From Lt. atrium through the bicuspid valve to the Lt. ventricle 6.Out to the lungs via the pulmonary artery (only artery that carries deoxygenated blood).

BLOOD Made up of 4 parts; red blood cells RBC, white blood cells WBC, platelets and plasma RBC carry oxygen WBC fight infection Platelets clot blood Plasma – the liquid parts of the blood, straw colored, carries nutrients and water

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

VIDEOS Blood components How blood works Circulatory system Blood

BLOOD COMPONENTS What is it made of?

FUN INTERACTIVES Virtual open heart surgery Aortic aneurysm Stem cell heart repair Operation games Nova heart surgery

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Four functions  It absorbs some of the tissue fluid that collects around cells.  It absorbs fats from digestive system and transports them to the circulatory system.  It filters dead cells, viruses, bacteria, and other unneeded particles from tissue fluid and then returns the tissue fluid to the circulatory system.  It helps fight off illness and infections and includes structures in which white blood cells develop.

PARTS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Lymph – water, white blood cells and dissolved material that leak out of capillary walls Lymph vessel – absorb and transport lymph Lymph node – clusters of small, spongy structures that filter particles from lymph