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Matter is composed of…….

Atoms differ in the number of “pieces” – protons - that they have inside their nucleus.

There are about 109 different kinds of atoms. They are known as …….

matter that is made up of atoms that all have the same number of PROTONS in their nucleus.

50 protons Examples of Elements Any atom with 6 protons is the element CARBON Any atom with 50 protons is the element TIN 6 protons

Ca 20 protons Cu 29 protons Al 13 protons

Most substances on Earth are not pure elements but rather…. ???

What is a Compound?

A Compound is ….. A substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically combined.

Hydrochloric Acid HCl Methane Methane CH 4 Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 H2OH2O Sodium Chloride NaCl H H S O O OO

A Mixture, on the other hand, is… A substance made from two or more different elements that have NOT been chemically combined, and which can be separated by physical means.

Elements by themselves are much less common than compounds, because elements tend to combine with each other to form compounds.

Elements and Compounds in their solid form make up…

What is a Mineral?

A Mineral is a naturally occurring Inorganic Solid with a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure.

That means that … It can’t be organic in origin It can’t be a liquid and.. It has to have a crystal structure

LETS PUT THAT IN A LIST FORMAT. 1.Minerals are a naturally occurring substance. 2. Minerals are solids. 3. Minerals have a definite chemical composition.

4. The atoms that make up minerals are arranged in an orderly pattern (They form crystals). 5. Minerals are inorganic. (They were never alive.)

Mineral? Nonmineral?

How many different minerals are there on Earth??? Answer: About 4,000

Most of the minerals in the Earth’s Crust, however, are made up of compounds containing Silicon and Oxygen, the two most abundant elements on Earth.

How do Minerals Form??? The minerals that people use today have been forming deep in Earth’s crust or on the surface for several billion years.

Minerals can form as hot magma cools deep inside the crust, or as lava hardens on the surface. When these liquids cool to the solid state, they form mineral crystals.

Mineral crystals forming from magma inside the earth. Mineral crystals forming from lava on the earth’s surface.

Some types of minerals form as water containing dissolved atoms slowly evaporates. Salt deposits

How long does it take for minerals to form?? Minerals in solution in water can form relatively quickly when the water evaporates. Minerals in magma can form as quickly as the magma/lava can crystallize (lava can cool in minutes, while magma can take thousands of years).

Quartz, SiO 2 Calcite, CaCO 3 Galena, PbS Having a definite chemical composition, a minerals composition can be shown with a CHEMICAL FORMULA

A Crystal is…. a regular geometric solid with smooth surfaces called….

The orderly arrangement of molecules, or atoms, in any mineral determines the shape of its crystals.

Although there are thousands of different types of minerals, their crystals come in six basic types of shapes

A gemstone is the naturally occurring crystalline form of a mineral, which is: *desirable for its beauty, *valuable in its rarity and *durable enough to be enjoyed for generations.

Only 30 of the 4,000 known minerals are common. These 30 minerals are known as the rock-forming minerals

Pink Granite is a rock made up of 3 “rock forming” minerals.