Elspeth Slayter, Ph.D., Assistant Professor School of Social Work, Salem State University

Administrative matters & check-in Research as a second language Knowledge to date Review of annotated bibliography/literature review basics On ethics Short consultation sessions 2

…questions about syllabus, assignments, break time, other announcements? 3

4 Assignment #2? Textbook reading? Moscou article Other (you tell me!)

w.pbs.org/ race/001_ WhatIsRa ce/001_00 - home.htm w.pbs.org/ race/001_ WhatIsRa ce/001_00 - home.htm Take home messages: Race is a phenotypic difference Skin color is only skin deep Human subspecies do not exist Variation is within, not between “races” Race justifies social inequalities as natural Helpful Hindrance

Racial groups African American/Black American Indian/Alaskan Native Asian/Pacific Islander Caucasian Ethnic groups Hispanic Non-Hispanic (…and a comment on the term “Hispanic” vs. Latino/a…)

Why would you include a “race” or “ethnicity” variable in your study? When would you include these variables, and when wouldn’t you?

Learning from our history, moving on from our mistakes

Smallpox epidemic in Boston Cotton Mather’s inoculation experiments Learned from an African slave re: practice in Turkey Zabdiel Boylston, MD Administered disease to his slaves Good result, bad method?

Medical investigators can’t set research rules Voluntary consent of human subject is essential Shift to rights of subjects

– Harvard/MIT radiation exposure experiment with children with MR

National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Boundaries between research, practice Ethical principles: Respect for persons (informed consent) Beneficence (risk/benefit analysis) Justice (fair selection procedures/outcomes and protection of vulnerable subjects)

Responses to Gustavsson & McEachron?

Right to privacy, anonymity Freedom from harm (protocol review) Informed consent (vulnerable populations) Right to assent or refuse participation

No ethical scale to measure against (IRB)

Conflicts of interest Disclosure/sharing of results

Will any violations of the ethical code occur as a result of this study? Are the participants at risk for harm? What responsibility does the researcher have to his/her participants in this study? What steps or procedures will the researcher take in order to meet this responsibility? What else do you want to know about the study?

Work in dyads, start by explaining your ideas to someone new!