Warm-Up Question The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is most closely related to the spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarki Asian flying frog, Polypedates leucomystax northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens African bullfrong, Pyxicephalus adspersus

The 6 Kingdoms Of Living Things

Important Terms to Compare Prokaryotic (no nucleus or membrane bound organelles) vs. Eukaryotic cell (nucleus and organelles) Heterotrophic (gets food from other source vs. Autotrophic(makes own food ) Asexual (1 parent)vs. sexual (2 parent) reproduction

Important Terms, cont. Volvox sp. Multicellular vs. single or unicellular Types of multicellular existance 1. Colonial organization—group of cells that are permanently associated, but do not communicate with each other. Volvox sp.

Multicellular, cont. 2. Aggregations—a temporary collection of cells that come together for a short time and then separate. Plasmodial slime mold—when starved they come together to produce spores which can be dispersed to distant locations.

Multicellular, cont. 3. True Multicellular—cells that are permanently associated. Levels of multicellularity Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ systems, and Organism

Domains

This phylogenetic tree, based on rRNA sequences, demonstrates the division of all living things into three broad domains.

The 6 Kingdoms Of Life

Archaebacteria Life’s Extremists… Cell Type: Prokaryotic Cell Structure: Cell walls without peptidoglycan. Body type: Unicellular Nutrition: Usually autotrophic, but may be heterotrophic. Other: Live in extreme environments: hot, salt, high acidity, very alkaline Other: Reproduction by binary fission

Eubacteria Cell Type: Prokaryotic Cell Structure: Cell wall with peptidoglycan Body Type: Unicellular Nutrition: Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Other: Many are disease causing Reproduce by binary fission Decomposers

Protista Cell Type: Eukaryotic Cell Structure: Some have cell walls and some do not Body Type: Unicellular or colonial (multicellular) Nutrition: Heterotrophic and autotrophic. Other: Examples: Protozoa, Algae, Slime Mold, and Water Mold, Giant Kelp Eukaryotes that do not fit anywhere else go here Includes many types of plankton—zoo and phyto Many have cilia or flagella (flagellum)

Fungi Cell type: Eukaryotic cells Cell Structure: Cell wall of chitin Nutrition: Heterotrophic by absorption Body type: Multi-cellular except for yeast Other: Examples include mushrooms Decomposers

Plantae Cell Type: Eukaryotic cells Cell Structure: Cell walls of cellulose Body Type: multicellular Nutrition: Autotrophic by photosynthesis Other: Chloroplasts in many cells

Animalia Cell Type: Eukaryotic Cells Cell Structure: No cell wall. Body type: Multi-cellular Nutrition: Heterotrophic by ingestion Other: Invertebrate (no backbone) vs. vertebrate (backbone)