Your Research Tool

 It is time to learn how to put all of your hard work into a paper and give proper credit!!  Let us begin by navigating through the PowerPoint!  This button will navigate you to the next slide.  This button will navigate you back to the objectives page (where you will find all of the hyperlinks to the information that you need).

What you need to know for a research paper… Objectives: You will be able to.. Understand Plagiarism Paraphrasing information Embed quotations Create a works cited Include in-text citations to avoid plagiarism Properly Format a paper by MLA guidelines

 According to Merriam-Webster plagiarism is “: to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own : use (another's production) without crediting the source.”  To learn more about plagiarism go to the hyperlinks below and read about what it is, take the quiz (in both), and print your certificate.  Plagiarism Activity Plagiarism Activity  plagiarism identification lesson plagiarism identification lesson

 Now that you understand plagiarism it is important that you make sure every idea that is not yours is cited properly to give others the credit they deserve.  Anytime information did not come from your own brain (even if it is in your own words) you need to document where you got the information. This is called including in-text citations (which we will get to), but first you need to learn how to put information into your own words.

 Paraphrase means “a restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another form” (Webster).  Steps in paraphrasing ◦ Read the information ◦ Highlight information ◦ When working on paper place research into your own words ◦ Any text duplicated is not considered a paraphrase  Link to the following Purdue website and view the paraphrasing page ◦ Read the examples of paraphrasing ◦ Read examples of paraphrasing Read examples of paraphrasing

 Here is a video with some tips on how to paraphrase and examples of paraphrasing.  Watch the video before moving on to practicing.  English Writing Paraphrasing English Writing Paraphrasing

 Click here to begin identifying paraphrased information Click here to begin identifying paraphrased information  After completing the task make sure to print and turn in your completion of the activity.  Now you are ready to begin paraphrasing your own.

 When you are having difficulty transferring the words from a source into a paraphrase sometimes it is necessary to include specific information the exact way it was written by another source. In this situation you need to learn how to embed quotations (quote another source word-for-word).  Go through the following PowerPoint on embedding quotations. ..\embedding quotes.ppt..\embedding quotes.ppt

 Now you can identify and understand plagiarism, paraphrase, and embed qoutations!  Next you need to know how to properly cite the source you are using information from so that you can avoid plagiarism.  The next step is introducing you to MLA Guidelines for creating a works cited and in- text citations

 While researching keep a list of sources that you are using.  It is best to keep information organized in some way so you always know what source it came from.  If you do not do this you will spend countless hours going back through research.  You can do this in many ways that will later be introduced, but first we will create a works cited.

 The works cited is the last page of paper  In the center of the page type Works Cited  Keep font double spaced  Include all of the source you used in your paper (any source you did not use should not be included).  The next slides focus on citing books and on-line sources.  The majority of your research will, more than likely, be done on-line.

Basic Format  The author’s name or a book with a single author's name appears in last name, first name format. The basic form for a book citation is (click the sound file below on the left): Last name, First name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.

Book with One Author –select the correct format for the works cited Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin Print. Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. Penguin: New York 1987, Print. Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, Print.

Book with One Author –select the correct format for the works cited Henley. Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, Print. Patricia, Henley, The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray. Print.

Book with More Than One Author  The first given name appears in last name, first name format; subsequent author names appear in first name last name format.  Select the one done correctly. Gillespie, Paula, and Lerner, Neal. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, Print. Neal Lerner, Gillespie, and Paula. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, Print. Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, Print.

Book with More Than One Author  If there are more than three authors, you may choose to list only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for "and others") in place of the subsequent authors' names, or you may list all the authors in the order in which their names appear on the title page. (Note that there is a period after “al” in “et al.” Also note that there is never a period after the “et” in “et al.”).

Book with More Than One Author Wysocki, Anne Frances, et al. Writing New Media: Theory and Applications for Expanding the Teaching of Composition. Logan: Utah State UP, Print. Or Wysocki, Anne Frances, Johndan Johnson-Eilola, Cynthia L. Selfe, and Geoffrey Sirc. Writing New Media: Theory and Applications for Expanding the Teaching of Composition. Logan: Utah State UP, Print.

Two or More Books by the Same Author  List works alphabetically by title. (Remember to ignore articles like A, An, and The.) Provide the author’s name in last name, first name format for the first entry only. For each subsequent entry by the same author, use three hyphens and a period. Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St. Martin's, Print The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, Print.

If any information is missing you may omit the information. The following example is for electronic sources. Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. The Internet Classics Archive. Web Atomic and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 13 Sept Web. 4 Nov ‹  Author and/or editor names (if available)  Article name in quotation marks (if applicable)  Title of the Website, project, or book in italics. (Remember that some Print publications have Web publications with slightly different names. They may, for example, include the additional information or otherwise modified information, like domain names [e.g..com or.net].)  Any version numbers available, including revisions, posting dates, volumes, or issue numbers.  Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date.  Take note of any page numbers (if available).  Medium of publication.  Date you accessed the material.  URL (if required, or for your own personal reference; MLA does not require a URL).

MLA guidelines for an entire website  Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access. The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, Web. 23 Apr Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov Web. 10 May 2006.

 When completing the works cited. You will notice on the last example that the second and third line was indented.  When the source continues on for more than one line all lines after the first line must be indented.  Alphabetize by the first word in the citation ◦ Example: “Last name” or if not name then by “article title”

 If you have a special case (volumes and different editions, dictionary source, video song etc.) the citation will be similar, but view the following website for questions. Follow the tabs on the left hand side to help you navigate the website.  747/15/ 747/15/

 You not only have to mention your sources after completing your essay, but any time you use information you found (in your own words or through embedded quotations) you must also cite the source throughout your essay.  This may seem like a lot, but when giving credit to your sources in the essay you get shorten up what you just learned!

 Go through the MLA PowerPoint.  Only the slides you need will appear.  In Text Citations In Text Citations

 Connect to the Purdue hyperlink below and read the formatting rules.  Also watch the video link.  Purdue MLA Formatting Purdue MLA Formatting  The Basics -- video The Basics -- video

 Plagiarism Test Plagiarism Test  MLA Quiz MLA Quiz

Works Cited Frick, Ted. What is Plagiarism at Indiana University. Indiana University, Web. 17 Apr How to recognize Plagiarism. School of Education at Indiana University, Web. 17 Apr Madej, Jennifer. Identifying Effective Paraphrase. Milwaukee Area Technical College, Web. 17 Apr The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, Web. 17 Apr “Plagiarism.” Merriam-Webster Dictionary Web 17 Apr Rebecca ESL. English Writing Paraphrasing. YouTube, Web. 17 Apr Smith, Erin. MLA Citation Practice Quiz. ProProfs Quiz Maker, Web. A7 Apr “Summary.” Merriam-Webster Dictionary Web 17 Apr

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Embedding Quotations AP English Language/Literature Kortman Adapted by J. Krajeck (2007) w/thanks to Dr. C. Butler, Sandy Valley H.S.

Don’t … Strand Quotations! S.Q.’s are quotations with NO home….NEVER begin a paragraph with a quotation that has no speaker or interpreted meaning from YOU [as the writer] Stranded quotations are the proverbial “fishes out of water.” Also called “Island Quotations.”

Paraphrase or Summarize If the sentence is not quotation-worthy, then use a paraphrase or summary type sentence, e.g., George said that he would never talk to his sister again. (It is not necessary for the audience to know George’s exact words, only that he will not be talking to his sister…thus, George’s words are not “quotation- worthy.)

He/ She said Simple sentence tag (Use of author/character name is preferred: Hawthorne implies…) He said, “There is a full moon tonight.” Comma before quote Capitalize first word Period before end quote Use more precise terms for says: believes, maintains, suggests, implies (This is typical “dialogue” style and does NOT offer the “so what” analysis.)

Embedded sentence, Type I George said that “no one could compare with the great LeBron James.” No comma before quote No cap for first word of quote No quotes if you change the line completely: He said that he wanted to go first. (However, notice that this type of sentence does NOT offer the “so what” feature.)

Embedded Sentence, Type II The fact that “Elizabeth wanted a gown more beautiful than anyone else’s” shows how vain she is. The line “Look upon my works, ye mighty, and despair” captures the arrogance of the ruler. * Now THESE embedded sentences offer the “so what” feature. Identify the “so what” in each.

Divided “You are,” she said reluctantly, “the best pitcher we have seen yet.” Comma before end quote Comma before second half of quote No cap for second half

Speaker Details John Smith, the author of Chocolate Rules, believes, “Nothing can take the place of the simple M&M candy.” Appositive Comma on either side of appositive

Intro summary (Colon) Frost repeats the last line to convey a sense of weariness: “And I have miles to go before I sleep. / And I have miles to go before I sleep.” Full sentence before the colon that summarizes idea of quote Full sentence for quote / means a line break for a poem

List of words “Vile,” “gritty,” “torn,” and “shabby” all suggest the deterioration of the world Winston lives in. Quotes for each word Commas before the end quotes

Embedded Phrases Winston needed to show a face of “quiet optimism” to conceal his desire for revolution. No commas No capitalization