Semester II Final Biology I Campbell

Significance of Final Exams 1. Final Exams are worth 10-20% of your semester grade. 2. The semester grade includes an average of your 3 rd quarter grade with your 4 th quarter grade and then your final exam score. 3. Example: (Q3).45 + (Q4).45 + X(.1)= 90 (80, 70, etc) 4. It is entirely possible that your final exam will determine whether or not you pass the semester. 5. GPA and credits earned are based on SEMESTER scores, not QUARTER scores.

What to Expect question test 2. 7 true and false questions multiple choice questions 4. 5 matching questions 5. Many of the questions are the same questions you saw on other unit tests. 6. No open response!

Topics 1. All units studied during the 2 nd semester will appear on the test. 2. Protein Synthesis begins on page Cell Division and Mutations begins on page Variation and Distribution of Traits begins on page Evolution begins on page 96.

Protein Synthesis 1. Structure of DNA 2. DNA replication 3. Structure of RNA 4. RNA Transcription Can you transcribe a DNA code to an mRNA sequence? 5. Translation Can you translate an mRNA code into an amino acid chain? 6. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology 7. DNA and Gene Expression Chromosomes, chromatids, & chromatin 8. Genes and their location

Cell Division and Mutations 1. Cell differentiation 2. Mechanisms for differentiation Internal cues, external cues, and transcription factors 3. Body Plan Development & Germ layers 4. Stem cells 5. Cell Cycle (S1, G, S2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis) 6. Meiosis (sexual cell division) and Stages I and II 7. Remember the “N” number 8. Germ cell and Somatic mutations 9. Types of Point Mutations 10. Types of chromosome Mutations 11. Causes of Mutations 12. Results of non-disjuction 13. Epigenetics

Variation and Distribution of Traits 1. Who was Gregor Mendel? 2. Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, and Law of Independent Assortment 3. Monohybrid and Dihybrid crosses 4. Genotype and Phenotype ratios 5. Heterozygous and Homozygous 6. Dominant and Recessive 7. Non-Mendelian Inheritance Incomplete dominance, Codominance, Polygenic traits, Multiple allele traits, Sex influenced traits, and Sex-linked traits. 8. Nature vs/ Nurture (Genes vs/ Environment)

Evolution 1. Evidence of Evolution 2. Fossils and the Fossil record (Absolute and Relative dating) 3. Analyzing amino acid sequences to determine evolutionary relationships 4. Analogous and Homologous structures 5. Phylogenetics and Cladograms 6. Natural selection factors that cause evolution to occur 7. Chance and random events that cause evolution to occur 8. Genetic variation of species 9. Evolutionary strategies and biotic potential 10. Adaptation 11. Three types of Natural Selection 12. Effects of environmental change on populations 13. Types of Reproductive Isolation 14. Modes of Speciation 15. Animal behavior 16. Types of Group behaviors 17. Tropisms

Resources 1. Vocabulary list and glossary Front/back, no photocopies, staples, HANDWRITTEN ONLY, due the day of your final exam. 2. Final Exam review questions Final Exam review questions 3. Unit review sheets Protein Synthesis Cell Division and Mutations Variation and Distribution of Genetic Traits Evolution 4. All second semester lectures All second semester lectures 5. Copies of past tests (in class only).

How To Study 1. Start now- remember, you have LOTS of tests to study for. 2. Make a schedule and stick to it. 3. Break your study time into blocks- take breaks! 4. Limit your distractions- your brain can only retain a certain amount of information and stimulus at any time. 5. Use sticky notes and highlighters. 6. Find a friend! 7. Quiz yourself and then quiz yourself again. 8. EAT and SLEEP.