 2/24/14  EQ: What factors affect solubility of a solution?  1. How does temperature affect the solubility of a solid within a solution?  2. How does stirring affect the solubility of a solid? 3. What would happen to the gas that was dissolved in a soda if we were to heat it?  4. Think about it: Why is thermal pollution bad for fish?

 Fold your paper in half “hotdog” style  Label three sections Temperature, Surface Area, and Stirring. Temperature Surface Area/ Pressure Stirring

Write the following information on the LEFT. At the top, label as SOLID. SOLID

◦ Demonstration: Watch what happens when food coloring and cold water are mixed. ◦ Demonstration: Watch what happens when food coloring and hot water are mixed. ◦ Which molecules are moving faster: hot or cold?

 Higher temperatures dissolve substances more quickly because of their increased molecular motion.  The faster the solvent moves, the faster the solute dissolves.  Also, there is an overall increase in the amount of solute that dissolves as temperature increases (for most substances).

 Smaller particles dissolve faster because of their increased surface area. 8 People 16 People

 It is much better to spread the tables out than to put them all together. This way, more people can reach the table.  Similarly, when the solute is in small pieces, the solvent is able to reach more of it.

 When a substance is stirred, the molecules are moving more.  Because the solvent is moving more, the solute is more likely to dissolve.

Make a chart and label the left with temperature, pressure, and agitation. Label the top of your chart as GAS. Temperature Pressure Agitation SOLUBILITY OF A GAS

 Solubility of a gas/liquid solution decreases with an increased temperature.  As the molecules in the solvent move faster, the gas molecules are moved towards the surface and escape the solution, therefore decreasing solubility.

 Pressure is a factor that affects solubility of a gas within a liquid solution.  A higher pressure results in a higher solubility. ◦ Ex: Opening a coke can releases gas and decreases the initial solubility.

 When a substance is stirred, the gas molecules are moving more and towards the surface.  Each time a gas molecule hits the surface it moves out of solution, therefore decreasing solubility.

 Think of at least two examples in which we use one of the factors that affects the rate of solubility that you use in your own life.  Ex. When making coffee, the water is heated to allow more of the coffee to mix into the water.  Once you have your examples, pull out your lab and finish it if you haven’t yet.

 Over solution vocab we have covered thus far and what we cover today  Factors that affect the rate of dissolving

 2/25/14 Dissolution  EQ: What factors affect the rate of dissolving?  Watch the following video on the dissolving process (solvation). Write at least two sentences describing how a solute dissolves within a solution using the example of salt water.

 4o 4o

SolvationDissociation  Solvation applies to BOTH ionic compound and covalent compound solutes being mixed.  The process of solvent particles surrounding solute particles.  ONLY applies to IONIC compounds.  The process of the ionic compound dissociating or breaking down into its ion form.  du/en/simulation/suga r-and-salt-solutions du/en/simulation/suga r-and-salt-solutions

Forms of Solutions SoluteSolventExamples Solid alloys; stained glass SolidLiquidsalt water; sugar water; tincture of iodine SolidGasmoth flake odor in air Liquid vodka; gasoline; perfume LiquidSolidmercury amalgam; crystal hydrates LiquidGasmoist air Gas air; natural gas GasLiquidcarbonated water; household ammonia GasSolidhydrogen in platinum or palladium

 What do you think this graph shows?  What patterns do you observe?  Which substance has the greatest solubility at 90C?

 Saturation can be expressed on a solubility curve.  Saturation is based upon the amount of solute that a solution can hold.  Once a solution reaches saturation, no more solute can be dissolved beyond this point.

 Saturated: the maximum amount of solute is dissolved (the line)  Unsaturated: less than the maximum amount is dissolved (below line)  Supersaturated: more than the maximum amount is dissolved (above line)

 Finish the questions for the graph provided.  Then, create your own solubility curves using the data provided.

 What to study: ◦ Vocabulary  Solution, Solubility, Solvation, Solute, Solvent ◦ Beaker foldable ◦ Polar vs. nonpolar ◦ Notes on rate of solubility  Temperature  Surface Area  Agitation  Pressure

 2/26/14 Solutions  EQ: What are solutions?  At 40˚C, how many grams of these substance can dissolve in 100 g of H 2 O? 1. KClO 3 2. KNO 3 3. NaNO 3 4. NH 4 Cl 5. NH 3

 Please read the instructions carefully. Read all of the instructions before you begin.  Assign people in your group to different tasks of set up to finish on time.  You only need the data table for today. We will complete the graphing tomorrow.

 2/27/14  EQ: How do I read a solubility curve? Which one of the following words is not like the others? WHY? * Saturated * Unsaturated * Solvation * Solute  We will stamp BEFORE we go over your response. You must have a why.

 Pull out a piece of notebook paper and write your name and date at the top.

1. Label the Solute and the Solvent. 2. In a solution, the ____________ dissolves the solute b. _______________ a. _______________

 3. List two factors that will increase the speed of dissolving a SOLID. Be specific!!  4. Does solubility of a gas/liquid solution, such as carbonated water, increase or decrease when pressure is DECREASED?  5.What term is used to describe the process of a solute being surrounded by solvent particles? a. solubility b. solvation c. solution  6. State why oil does not mix in water.

 7. Which of the three following words describes a solution that is holding more than the maximum amount of solute: saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? BONUS: Provide an example.  8. What does the blue section represent?

 Pull out your lab from Wednesday, and pick two colored pencils.

 Mass of salt/100mL  Multiply your “mass of salt” by 20.  Ex. Mass of salt = 3.4g  3.4 x 20 = 68g/100mL

Temperature ̊ C Solubility g/100mL Label your graph depending on the data numbers you collected. Look at your highest solubility to know how to number your graph. You are plotting the last column.

 Graph a curve for your data, even if it is wrong.  Then draw a curve for each of the two salts as you see highlighted to compare to your data at 30, 50, 70 degrees Celcius.

 Color code your graph and label it.  What should have happened?

 2/28/14  EQ: How do we measure concentration of a solution? Answer the following questions based upon the conclusions you drew from the Solubility Curve lab. 1. As temperature increases, how does this affect the amount of solute (solubility) that can dissolve? 2. If your original data did not follow this trend, what kinds of errors may have messed up your results? Human error is always a factor!!! (Even if you got good results, what kinds of things in this lab may have contributed to faulty data?)

If you finished the lab, you may turn it in today. If not, please, have it ready to turn in Monday.

 Pull out your worksheet from Tuesday on Solubility Curve.  We are going to practice reading the graph from the questions on the back.

 Finish lab  Finish questions on solubility curve worksheet